Investigating mental workload caused by NDRTs in highly automated driving with deep learning

This study aimed to examine the impact of non-driving-related tasks (NDRTs) on drivers in highly automated driving scenarios and sought to develop a deep learning model for classifying mental workload using electroencephalography (EEG) signals. The experiment involved recruiting 28 participants who engaged in simulations within a driving simulator while exposed to 4 distinct NDRTs: (1) reading, (2) listening to radio news, (3) watching videos, and (4) texting. EEG data collected during NDRTs were categorized into 3 levels of mental workload, high, medium, and low, based on the NASA Task Load Index (NASA-TLX) scores. Two deep learning methods, namely, long short-term memory (LSTM) and bidirectional long short-term memory (BLSTM), were employed to develop the classification model. A series of correlation analyses revealed that the channels and frequency bands are linearly correlated with mental workload. The comparative analysis of classification results demonstrates that EEG data featuring significantly correlated frequency bands exhibit superior classification accuracy compared to the raw EEG data. This research offers a reference for assessing mental workload resulting from NDRTs in the context of highly automated driving. Additionally, it delves into the development of deep learning classifiers for EEG signals with heightened accuracy.</p

Diagnostic value of circulating lncRNA ANRIL and its correlation with coronary artery disease parameters

This study aimed to detect the expression of the long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) antisense non-coding RNA in the INK4 locus (ANRIL) and evaluate its correlation with disease risk, stenosis degree, inflammation, as well as overall survival (OS) in coronary artery disease (CAD) patients. A total of 230 patients who underwent diagnostic coronary angiography were consecutively recruited and assigned to CAD group (n=125) or control group (n=105) according to presence or absence of CAD. Gensini score was calculated to assess the severity of coronary artery damage. Plasma samples were collected and the expression ANRIL was detected in all participants. High-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), and cytokines including tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, and IL-17 in CAD patients were measured and OS was calculated. The relative expression of ANRIL was higher in CAD patients compared to controls (P</div

Identification of deleterious non-synonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms using sequence-derived information-0

Aximum when 10 features are selected. The MCC remains unchanged when 11and 12features are selected. When more than 12 features are selected, the MCC slightly decreases.<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Identification of deleterious non-synonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms using sequence-derived information"</p><p>http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2105/9/297</p><p>BMC Bioinformatics 2008;9():297-297.</p><p>Published online 27 Jun 2008</p><p>PMCID:PMC2446391.</p><p></p

Identification of deleterious non-synonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms using sequence-derived information-2

<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Identification of deleterious non-synonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms using sequence-derived information"</p><p>http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2105/9/297</p><p>BMC Bioinformatics 2008;9():297-297.</p><p>Published online 27 Jun 2008</p><p>PMCID:PMC2446391.</p><p></p

Data_Sheet_1_Aging Affects the Demands and Patterns in Active Control Under Different Sensory-Conflicted Conditions.docx

Most falls might be attributed to an unexpected perturbation such as a slip. It might be aggravated by the deterioration of the sensory system as people aged. This deterioration increases the demand in active control. However, what levels of demand in active control do older adults need? This study aimed to answer this question by using a novel assessment. Both young and old adults walked in three conditions: normal, slip, and slip with low light conditions. The amount of step length variability, step width variability, and the 95% confidence interval of the ellipse area of heel contact locations was measured to quantify and distinguish different levels of demand and patterns in active control. The results found that less sensory information led to a higher level of demand in active control in both anterior-posterior and medial-lateral directions. Importantly, different patterns in active control were found among different age groups and perturbation conditions. This study extended the current knowledge and further proposed the possibility of multiple patterns in active control. This study also suggests a new method to quantify the levels and patterns in active control under sensory perturbations, and this innovation can be used to guide age-related fall prevention training.</p

Image_1_Aging Affects the Demands and Patterns in Active Control Under Different Sensory-Conflicted Conditions.jpg

Most falls might be attributed to an unexpected perturbation such as a slip. It might be aggravated by the deterioration of the sensory system as people aged. This deterioration increases the demand in active control. However, what levels of demand in active control do older adults need? This study aimed to answer this question by using a novel assessment. Both young and old adults walked in three conditions: normal, slip, and slip with low light conditions. The amount of step length variability, step width variability, and the 95% confidence interval of the ellipse area of heel contact locations was measured to quantify and distinguish different levels of demand and patterns in active control. The results found that less sensory information led to a higher level of demand in active control in both anterior-posterior and medial-lateral directions. Importantly, different patterns in active control were found among different age groups and perturbation conditions. This study extended the current knowledge and further proposed the possibility of multiple patterns in active control. This study also suggests a new method to quantify the levels and patterns in active control under sensory perturbations, and this innovation can be used to guide age-related fall prevention training.</p

Repeat length distribution for disease indels in small exact repeat regions.

<p>On the x-axis is the total length of the repeat, which is the product of the period size of the repeat and the number of copies of the repeat. </p

SIFT Indel: Predictions for the Functional Effects of Amino Acid Insertions/Deletions in Proteins

<div><p>Indels in the coding regions of a gene can either cause frameshifts or amino acid insertions/deletions. Frameshifting indels are indels that have a length that is not divisible by 3 and subsequently cause frameshifts. Indels that have a length divisible by 3 cause amino acid insertions/deletions or block substitutions; we call these 3n indels. The new amino acid changes resulting from 3n indels could potentially affect protein function. Therefore, we construct a SIFT Indel prediction algorithm for 3n indels which achieves 82% accuracy, 81% sensitivity, 82% specificity, 82% precision, 0.63 MCC, and 0.87 AUC by 10-fold cross-validation. We have previously published a prediction algorithm for frameshifting indels. The rules for the prediction of 3n indels are different from the rules for the prediction of frameshifting indels and reflect the biological differences of these two different types of variations. SIFT Indel was applied to human 3n indels from the 1000 Genomes Project and the Exome Sequencing Project. We found that common variants are less likely to be deleterious than rare variants. The SIFT indel prediction algorithm for 3n indels is available at http://sift-dna.org/</p> </div

Fast Removal and Recovery of Cr(VI) Using Surface-Modified Jacobsite (MnFe₂O₄) Nanoparticles

In this work, the effectiveness of surface-modified jacobsite (MnFe2O4) nanoparticles was investigated for the removal and recovery of Cr(VI) from synthetic wastewater. Ten nanometer modified MnFe2O4 nanoparticles were produced to be a new adsorbent using a co-precipitation method followed by a surface redox reaction. The equilibrium time for Cr(VI) adsorption onto modified MnFe2O4 nanoparticles was as short as 5 min, and the adsorption data fit the Langmuir model well. The maximum uptake of 31.5 mg of Cr(VI)/g of modified MnFe2O4 was obtained at pH 2, which was comparable with other common adsorbents such as activated carbon and sawdust. The effects of ligands (EDTA, SO42-, NH4+) and ionic strength were studied in a pH range of 2−10. EDTA and SO42- inhibited the adsorption of Cr(VI) over the entire pH range studied, whereas NH4+ enhanced the uptake of Cr(VI) at pH greater than 6.5. The mechanisms leading to Cr(VI) adsorption by modified MnFe2O4 nanoparticles were determined by X-ray diffraction and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy to be a combination of electrostatic interaction and ion exchange. Regeneration studies indicated the potential reuse of the modified MnFe2O4 nanoparticles without sacrificing adsorption capacity and the possible recycling of Cr(VI) without changing the valence

The fraction of indels that are conserved for indels in a given allele frequency range.

<p>Conserved is defined as a GERP score > 2. 1000G: 1000 Genomes; AFR: African; EUR: European; ASN: Asian; ESP: Exome Sequencing Project; EA: European American; AA: African American.</p