159,589 research outputs found
A new inflationary Universe scenario with inhomogeneous quantum vacuum
We investigate the quantum vacuum and find the fluctuations can lead to the
inhomogeneous quantum vacuum. We find that the vacuum fluctuations can
significantly influence the cosmological inhomogeneity, which is different from
what previously expected. By introducing the modified Green's function, we
reach a new inflationary scenario which can explain why the Universe is still
expanding without slowing down. We also calculate the tunneling amplitude of
the Universe based on the inhomogeneous vacuum. We find that the inhomogeneity
can lead to the penetration of the universe over the potential barrier faster
than previously thought.Comment: 16 pages, 9 figure
Landscape and flux for quantifying global stability and dynamics of game theory
Game theory has been widely applied to many areas including economics,
biology and social sciences. However, it is still challenging to quantify the
global stability and global dynamics of the game theory. We developed a
landscape and flux framework to quantify the global stability and global
dynamics of the game theory. As an example, we investigated the models of
three-strategy games: a special replicator-mutator game, the repeated prison
dilemma model. In this model, one stable state, two stable states and limit
cycle can emerge under different parameters. The repeated Prisoner's Dilemma
system has Hopf bifurcation transitions from one stable state to limit cycle
state, and then to another one stable state or two stable states, or vice
versa. We explored the global stability of the repeated Prisoner's Dilemma
system and the kinetic paths between the basins of attractor. The paths are
irreversible due to the non-zero flux. One can explain the game for and
.Comment: 25 pages, 15 figure
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