sj-tif-2-msj-10.1177_13524585221109397 – Supplemental material for A disproportionality analysis for the association of central nervous system demyelinating diseases with COVID-19 vaccination using the World Health Organization pharmacovigilance database

Supplemental material, sj-tif-2-msj-10.1177_13524585221109397 for A disproportionality analysis for the association of central nervous system demyelinating diseases with COVID-19 vaccination using the World Health Organization pharmacovigilance database by Jee-Eun Kim, Jin Park and Tae-Jin Song in Multiple Sclerosis Journal</p

sj-tif-3-msj-10.1177_13524585221109397 – Supplemental material for A disproportionality analysis for the association of central nervous system demyelinating diseases with COVID-19 vaccination using the World Health Organization pharmacovigilance database

Supplemental material, sj-tif-3-msj-10.1177_13524585221109397 for A disproportionality analysis for the association of central nervous system demyelinating diseases with COVID-19 vaccination using the World Health Organization pharmacovigilance database by Jee-Eun Kim, Jin Park and Tae-Jin Song in Multiple Sclerosis Journal</p

Table_1_The Global Burden of Motor Neuron Disease: An Analysis of the 2019 Global Burden of Disease Study.docx

Up-to-date, accurate information on the disease burden of motor neuron disease (MND) is the cornerstone for evidence-based resource allocation and healthcare planning. We aimed to estimate the burden of MND globally from 1990 to 2019, as part of the Global Burden of Disease, Injuries and Risk Factor (GBD) study. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, progressive muscular atrophy, primary lateral sclerosis, pseudobulbar palsy, spinal muscular atrophy and hereditary spastic paraplegia- were included for analysis as MNDs. We measured age-standardized incidence, prevalence, death, and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) in 204 countries and territories worldwide from 1990 to 2019 using spatial Bayesian analyses. The effects of age, sex, and the sociodemographic index (measures of income per capita, education, and fertility) on incidence, prevalence, death, and disability-adjusted life-years due to MNDs were explored. According to 2019 GBD estimates, there were ~268,673 [95% uncertainty interval (UI), 213,893–310,663] prevalent cases and 63,700 (95% UI, 57,295–71,343) incident cases of MND worldwide. In 2019, MND caused 1,034,606 (95% UI, 979,910–1,085,401) DALYs and 39,081 (95% UI, 36,566–41,129) deaths worldwide. The age-standardized rates of prevalence, incidence, death, and DALYs for MNDs in 2019 were 3.37 (95% UI, 2.9–3.87) per 100,000 people, 0.79 (95% UI, 0.72–0.88) per 100,000 people, 0.48 (95% UI, 0.45–0.51) per 100,000 people, and 12.66 (95% UI, 11.98–13.29) per 100,000 people, respectively. The global prevalence and deaths due to MND in 2019 were increased (1.91% [95% UI, 0.61–3.42] and 12.39% [95% UI, 5.81–19.27], respectively) compared to 1990, without significant change in incidence. More than half of the prevalence and deaths due to MND occurred in three high-income regions (North America, Western Europe, and Australasia). In most cases, the prevalence, incidence, and DALYs of MNDs were high in regions with high sociodemographic index; however, in high-income East Asia, these were relatively low compared to similar sociodemographic index groups elsewhere. The burden of MND increased between 1990 and 2019. Its expected increase in the future highlights the importance of global and national healthcare planning using more objective evidence. Geographical heterogeneity in the MND burden might suggest the influences of sociodemographic status and genetic background in various regions.</p

sj-docx-1-msj-10.1177_13524585221109397 – Supplemental material for A disproportionality analysis for the association of central nervous system demyelinating diseases with COVID-19 vaccination using the World Health Organization pharmacovigilance database

Supplemental material, sj-docx-1-msj-10.1177_13524585221109397 for A disproportionality analysis for the association of central nervous system demyelinating diseases with COVID-19 vaccination using the World Health Organization pharmacovigilance database by Jee-Eun Kim, Jin Park and Tae-Jin Song in Multiple Sclerosis Journal</p

Stereoselective Glycosylations of 2-Azido-2-deoxy-glucosides Using Intermediate Sulfonium Ions

TMSOTf-promoted glycosylations of 2-azido-2-deoxy-glucosyl trichloroacetimidates provide excellent α-anomeric selectivities when performed at a relatively high reaction temperature in the presence of PhSEt or thiophene. NMR and computation studies have shown that these glycosylations proceed through an equatorial anomeric sulfonium ion, which upon displacement by a sugar alcohol provides an axial glycoside. Computational studies have indicated that steric factors determine the selective formation of the β-anomeric sulfonium ion

MOESM6 of Comparative transcriptomics reveals PrrAB-mediated control of metabolic, respiration, energy-generating, and dormancy pathways in Mycobacterium smegmatis

Additional file 6. DAVID gene ontology results from overlapping DEGs between mc2155 vs. FDL10 and FDL15 vs. FDL10 data sets

A General Strategy for Stereoselective Glycosylations

The principal challenge that the synthesis of oligosaccharides of biological importance presents is the development of a general approach for the stereoselective introduction of a glycosidic linkage. It is shown here that a (1S)-phenyl-2-(phenylsulfanyl)ethyl moiety at C-2 of a glycosyl donor can perform neighboring group participation to give a quasi-stable anomeric sulfonium ion. Due to steric and electronic factors, the sulfonium ion is formed as a trans-decalin ring system. Displacement of the sulfonium ion by a hydroxyl leads to the stereoselective formation of α-glycosides. NMR experiments were employed to show convincingly the presence of the β-linked sulfonium ion intermediate. The (1S)-phenyl-2-(phenylsulfanyl)ethyl moiety could be introduced by reaction of a sugar alcohol with acetic acid (1S)-phenyl-2-(phenylsulfanyl)ethyl ester in the presence of BF3−OEt2. Furthermore, it could be removed by conversion into acetate by treatment with BF3−OEt2 in acetic anhydride. The introduction as well as the cleavage reaction proceeds through the formation of an intermediate episulfonium ion. The use of the new methodology in combination with traditional neighboring group participation by esters to introduce β-glycosides makes it possible, for the first time, to synthesize a wide variety of oligosaccharides by routine procedures. The latter was demonstrated by the synthesis of the Galili trisaccharide, which has been identified as an epitope that can trigger acute rejections in xeno-transplantations, by the one-pot two-step glycosylation sequence

Direct and Stereoselective Synthesis of α-Linked 2-Deoxyglycosides

α-Linked 2-deoxyglycosides were conveniently obtained by employing a glycosyl donor having a participating (S)-(phenylthiomethyl)benzyl moiety at C-6, whereas 2,6-dideoxy-α-glycosides could be prepared by BF3·Et2O-promoted activation of allyl glycosyl donors

MOESM4 of Comparative transcriptomics reveals PrrAB-mediated control of metabolic, respiration, energy-generating, and dormancy pathways in Mycobacterium smegmatis

Additional file 4. DosR regulon DEG and comparison of genes betweeen M. smegmatis and M. tuberculosis

MOESM2 of Comparative transcriptomics reveals PrrAB-mediated control of metabolic, respiration, energy-generating, and dormancy pathways in Mycobacterium smegmatis

Additional file 2. M. smegmatis DEG data sets