sj-docx-1-jht-10.1177_10963480231220282 – Supplemental material for Beyond Video Game Competition: Novel Dimensions of Live Esports Event Experiences Through Co-Creation

Supplemental material, sj-docx-1-jht-10.1177_10963480231220282 for Beyond Video Game Competition: Novel Dimensions of Live Esports Event Experiences Through Co-Creation by Shinyong Jung, Jijun Chen and Liping A. Cai in Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Research</p

Interception of Secondary Amide Ylide with Sulfonamides: Catalyst-Controlled Synthesis of <i>N</i>‑Sulfonylamidine Derivatives

A novel, secondary amide activation strategy has been developed through the in situ generation of ylides from amides and diazoacetates. Under the developed reaction conditions, Mn-catalyzed ylide formation and interception reaction by sulfonamide delivered a variety of <i>N</i>-sulfonylamidines. Notably, when highly active Zn­(OTf)₂ was used as the catalyst, further N–H insertion products were obtained. In contrast with traditional methods, our amide activation strategy is distinguished by accessible starting material, inexpensive catalyst, and broad substrate scope

Metal-Free Coupling of 2‑Vinylphenols and Carboxylic Acids: An Access to 3‑Acyloxy-2,3-dihydrobenzofurans

A new coupling reaction between 2-vinylphenols and carboxylic acids was developed to synthesize 3-acyloxy-2,3-dihydrobenzofurans using Bu₄NI as a catalyst and <i>t</i>-BuOOH as an oxidant. This simple and practical methodology is notable due to the ability to complete it under metal-free conditions, with easily available precursors, resulting in a product with high atom economy and high functional group tolerance. Upon the basis of experimental observations and literature, a plausible mechanism is proposed

Co-Catalyzed Synthesis of 1,4-Dicarbonyl Compounds Using TBHP Oxidant

A Co-catalyzed reaction for the construction of 1,4-dicarbonyls has been reported in which cascade organocobalt addition/trapping/Kornblum–DeLaMare rearrangement were involved. In view of the easy availability of starting materials, wide substrate scope, high functionality tolerance, and operational simplicity, this protocol constituted a simple, practical, and powerful alternative compared with previous approaches

Dual Roles of Sulfonyl Hydrazides: A Three-Component Reaction To Construct Fully Substituted Pyrazoles Using TBAI/TBHP

A mild and rapid approach has been developed for the construction of fully substituted pyrazoles using TBAI as a catalyst and TBHP as an oxidant, in which tosylhydrazide functions as the ring component and sulfonyl precursor. This protocol features a wide substrate scope with a broad range of functional group tolerance, utilizes easily available starting materials, can be scaled-up, and is operationally simple

Vascular smooth muscle cell proteins in CADASIL and control arteries.

Eight antibodies (labeled on the left) were used for immunohistochemical localization of respective smooth muscle antigens in CADASIL and control brains. Both leptomeningeal (LM) and white matter (WM) vessels are shown to illustrate representative positively-stained vessels. Scale bar shows 100 microns.</p

NOTCH3 protein localization in CADASIL and control arteries.

Localization of NOTCH3 fragmentation products was performed in CADASIL (top row) and non-CADASIL frontal cortex by immunohistochemistry with UMI-F, which recognizes the neo-epitope generated by fragmentation of NOTCH3 at the junction between EGF-like repeats 1 and 2. The left panels show leptomeningeal arteries (LM) and the right panels show white matter arteries (WM). Arteries from both regions demonstrate medial staining corresponding to the vascular smooth muscle layer of arteries with deficiency in the intimal and adventitial layers. Scale bar shows 100 microns.</p

Quantification of mRNA of 16 markers in CADASIL and control brain.

RNA from frozen frontal lobe of CADASIL and control brains were analyzed by qRT-PCR; expression values were normalized to 18S RNA and then controls were set to 1 (n = 8 per group; 37% female; average age at death was 62 years for controls and 64 years for CADASIL). X-axis show fold changes relative to controls. Significant differences with a p<0.05 are denoted by asterisks.</p

Markers exhibiting differential levels of staining between CADASIL and control arteries or between leptomeninges and white matter.

Images from Figs 2 and 3 are placed side by side for easier comparison. A) Immunohistochemical examination of markers (labels to the left) which had decreased staining in CADASIL relative to controls. Representative leptomeningeal arteries (LM) are shown. B) Immunohistochemical comparison of markers (labeled on the left) in leptomeningeal arteries and white matter arteries (WM) in representative CADASIL brain samples. A select group of markers showed moderate white matter enrichment pattern in CADASIL vessels. Scale bar shows 100 microns.</p

Localization of CD63 and CTSH in CADASIL cerebral arteries.

Immunohistochemical localization was performed for the N-terminal fragment (NTF; recognized by UMI-F), CD63 (H5C6), and CTSH on serial sections of CADASIL frontal lobe. Both leptomeningeal (LM) and white matter (WM) arteries showed medial staining which exceeded levels in the adventitia and intima. Scale bar shows 100 microns.</p