The amount and frequency of sequences that overlap in the repertoires of IgM and IgG before and after immunization with HBV vaccines in 3 volunteers.

<p>The amount and frequency of sequences that overlap in the repertoires of IgM and IgG before and after immunization with HBV vaccines in 3 volunteers.</p

Characteristics of sequence data.

<p>Characteristics of sequence data.</p

Human IGHV/CHM/CHG primer sequences and barcode sequences.

<p>Human IGHV/CHM/CHG primer sequences and barcode sequences.</p

The mutated position in LHG IgG heavy chain CDR3 sequences (CARGSPFLDSW).

<p>The mutated position in LHG IgG heavy chain CDR3 sequences (CARGSPFLDSW).</p

The percentage of productive sequences in the repertoires of IgM and IgG before and after immunization with HBV vaccines in 3 volunteers.

<p>The percentage of productive sequences in the repertoires of IgM and IgG before and after immunization with HBV vaccines in 3 volunteers.</p

The diversity of repertoires of IgM and IgG before and after immunization with HBV vaccines in 3 volunteers.

<p>The diversity of repertoires of IgM and IgG before and after immunization with HBV vaccines in 3 volunteers.</p

Demographical and clinical characteristics of 3 volunteers.

<p>Demographical and clinical characteristics of 3 volunteers.</p

Characteristics Peripheral Blood IgG and IgM Heavy Chain Complementarity Determining Region 3 Repertoire before and after Immunization with Recombinant HBV Vaccine

<div><p>Immunization with recombinant HBV vaccine induces specific immune responses in human causing B lymphocytes to produce protective HBsAb, and to form memory B lymphocytes, thereby facilitating HBV immunity in the body. However, B lymphocytes heterogeneity and characteristics are not fully elucidated. In this study, we conducted high-throughput sequencing of BCR heavy chain CDR3 repertoires in 3 healthy volunteers before and after the third immunization with recombinant HBV vaccine. We used Roche 454 Genome Sequencer FLX system to perform a comparative analysis of IgM and IgG H chain CDR3 repertoires. First, we found that the diversity of IgG H chain CDR3 repertoires was 1/6 of IgM on average. Moreover, after the third immunization with HBV vaccine, the diversity of IgG H chain CDR3 repertoires was 1/26 of IgM on average. Second, we detected relatively high levels of HBsAbs in all the healthy volunteers after immunization with HBV vaccine. The volunteers shared a small number of CDR3 sequences before and after immunization, and among each other. However, we did not find completely identical BCR H chain CDR3 amino acid sequences in these volunteers. Lastly, after immunization with recombinant HBV vaccine, the volunteers showed high frequency of IgG H chain CDR3 amino acid sequences mostly resulting from rearrangements of IGHV, IGHD and IGHJ, suggesting that the mechanism of high frequency CDR3 generation might be associated with the maturation of IgG affinity (somatic hypermutation) during the recombinant HBV vaccine-induced B lymphocyte responses. This study identified the characteristics and changes of BCR CDR3 repertoires before and after immunization with HBV vaccine, and evaluated the performance of the sequencing technology for this application. Our findings provide a basis for further research in B lymphocyte generated HBsAb heterogeneity and monitoring the maintenance of memory B lymphocytes.</p></div

Trimetallic Nitride Endohedral Fullerenes Carboxyl-Gd₃N@C₈₀: A New Theranostic Agent for Combating Oxidative Stress and Resolving Inflammation

Antioxidative and anti-inflammatory effects of trimetallic nitride endohedral fullerenes carboxyl-Gd₃N@C₈₀, a newly developed magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agent, were investigated. All hydrochalarone and carboxyl-functionalized fullerenes showed effective radical (hydroxyl and superoxide anion) scavenging, whereas the carboxyl-Gd₃N@C₈₀ more efficiently attenuated lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced oxidative stress in macrophages. Carboxyl-Gd₃N@C₈₀ also suppressed LPS-elicited mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory inducible nitric oxide synthase and tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and upregulated antioxidative enzyme axis Nrf2 and heme oxygenase-1, possibly via ERK but not AKT signaling pathways. Therefore, carboxyl-Gd₃N@C₈₀ held a great promise in becoming a novel theranostic nanoplatform for simultaneously deliver MRI contrast and therapeutic functions to inflammation-related diseases

Characteristics of high frequency CDR3 sequences (>0.5%) in the IgG repertoires after immunization with HBV vaccines in 3 volunteers.

<p>Characteristics of high frequency CDR3 sequences (>0.5%) in the IgG repertoires after immunization with HBV vaccines in 3 volunteers.</p