Effects of rainfall on the spatial distribution of the throughfall kinetic energy on a small scale in a rubber plantation

<p>This study evaluated the spatial distribution of the throughfall kinetic energy (TKE) on a small scale in a rubber plantation. The experiments used Tübingen splash cups with natural rainfall. The results indicate that the leaf area index did not significantly affect the TKE during the foliated season. There was no significant correlation between the TKE and the distance from the trunk. However, the lateral translocation of the throughfall in the canopy significantly affected the spatial distribution of the TKE, and high TKE points appeared in the middle and at the edge of the canopy. The results also show that the spatial distribution of the volume-specific TKE values was similar in different rainfall and rainfall intensity groups. The variogram of the spatial variability demonstrates that the TKE exhibited a strong spatial autocorrelation. We confirm that the rainfall redistribution is important for the spatial distribution of the TKE in a rubber plantation.</p

Supplementary document for Controlling directional excitation of surface plasmon polaritons by tunable non-Hermitian metasurfaces - 6541884.pdf

detailed calculations and simulation

Supplementary document for Tunable dual quasi-bound states in continuum and electromagnetically induced transparency enabled by the broken material symmetry in all-dielectric compound gratings - 6236817.pdf

Supplement

Supplementary document for Tunable dual quasi-bound states in continuum and electromagnetically induced transparency enabled by the broken material symmetry in all-dielectric compound gratings - 6244675.pdf

Supplement

Additional file 1 of Increased oxidative stress contributes to impaired peripheral CD56dimCD57+ NK cells from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus

Additional file 1: Supplementary Table 1. Antibody list. Supplementary Table 2. Baseline characteristics of patients and healthy controls in this study. Supplementary Table 3. Hallmark gene sets((Lupus vs Control)*. Supplementary Table 4. Hallmark gene sets((CD57+ vs CD57-)*. Supplementary Figure 1. The NK cell subset gating strategies. Supplementary Figure 2. Supplementary analysis of clinical data and peripheral NK count in SLE and RA patients. Supplementary Figure 3. The correlation of CD56dimCD57+ NK cell percentage with SLEDAI (n=37). Supplementary Figure 4. Apoptosis and ROS levels of sorted NK cells upon exposure to H2O2. Supplementary Figure 5. Cytokine expression of CD56dimCD57+ NK cells in SLE patients and HCs. Supplementary Figure 6. No cytotoxicity of resting CD4+ T cells by NK cells(n=3). Supplementary Figure 7. PD-1 expression of NK cell subsets in SLE patients (n=8) and HCs (n=8)

DataSheet1_Genetic Liability to Insomnia and Lung Cancer Risk: A Mendelian Randomization Analysis.PDF

Lung cancer is the second most frequently diagnosed cancer and the leading cause of cancer death worldwide, making its prevention an urgent issue. Meanwhile, the estimated prevalence of insomnia was as high as 30% globally. Research on the causal effect of insomnia on lung cancer incidence is still lacking. In this study, we aimed to assess the causality between the genetic liability to insomnia and lung cancer. We performed a two-sample Mendelian randomization analysis (inverse variance weighted) to determine the causality between the genetic liability to insomnia and lung cancer. Subgroup analysis was conducted, which included lung adenocarcinoma and lung squamous cell carcinoma. In the sensitivity analysis, we conducted heterogeneity test, MR Egger, single SNP analysis, leave-one-out analysis, and MR PRESSO. There were causalities between the genetic susceptibility to insomnia and increased incidence of lung cancer [odds ratio (95% confidence interval), 1.35 (1.14–1.59); P, < 0.001], lung adenocarcinoma [odds ratio (95% confidence interval), 1.35 (1.07–1.70); P, 0.01], and lung squamous cell carcinoma [odds ratio (95% confidence interval), 1.35 (1.06–1.72), P, 0.02]. No violation of Mendelian randomization assumptions was observed in the sensitivity analysis. There was a causal relationship between the genetic susceptibility to insomnia and the lung cancer, which was also observed in lung adenocarcinoma and lung squamous cell carcinoma. The underlying mechanism remains unknown. Effective intervention and management for insomnia were recommended to improve the sleep quality and to prevent lung cancer. Moreover, regular screening for lung cancer may be beneficial for patients with insomnia.</p

DataSheet2_Genetic Liability to Insomnia and Lung Cancer Risk: A Mendelian Randomization Analysis.xlsx

Lung cancer is the second most frequently diagnosed cancer and the leading cause of cancer death worldwide, making its prevention an urgent issue. Meanwhile, the estimated prevalence of insomnia was as high as 30% globally. Research on the causal effect of insomnia on lung cancer incidence is still lacking. In this study, we aimed to assess the causality between the genetic liability to insomnia and lung cancer. We performed a two-sample Mendelian randomization analysis (inverse variance weighted) to determine the causality between the genetic liability to insomnia and lung cancer. Subgroup analysis was conducted, which included lung adenocarcinoma and lung squamous cell carcinoma. In the sensitivity analysis, we conducted heterogeneity test, MR Egger, single SNP analysis, leave-one-out analysis, and MR PRESSO. There were causalities between the genetic susceptibility to insomnia and increased incidence of lung cancer [odds ratio (95% confidence interval), 1.35 (1.14–1.59); P, < 0.001], lung adenocarcinoma [odds ratio (95% confidence interval), 1.35 (1.07–1.70); P, 0.01], and lung squamous cell carcinoma [odds ratio (95% confidence interval), 1.35 (1.06–1.72), P, 0.02]. No violation of Mendelian randomization assumptions was observed in the sensitivity analysis. There was a causal relationship between the genetic susceptibility to insomnia and the lung cancer, which was also observed in lung adenocarcinoma and lung squamous cell carcinoma. The underlying mechanism remains unknown. Effective intervention and management for insomnia were recommended to improve the sleep quality and to prevent lung cancer. Moreover, regular screening for lung cancer may be beneficial for patients with insomnia.</p

Na3V2-xFex(PO4)2O2F: An advanced cathode material with ultra-high stability for superior sodium storage

Searching a suitable electrode material is one of the key issues of Sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) for the large-scale applications. Sodium-rich Na3V2(PO4)O2F (NVPOF) with a 3D tunnel structure is considered to be the promising cathode material for SIBs owning to the advantage of its high operating voltage, andstable structure, and good thermal stability. Nevertheless, the inferior reaction kinetics and unsatisfied sodium storage behavior resulting from its low electron conductivity hinder its further practical application. Here, Na3V2-xFex(PO4)2O2F microcuboids were synthesized via iron partially replacing V atom sites of Na3V2(PO4)2O2F by a simple hydrothermal method. Benefiting from the intrinsically improved electronic conductivity and enhanced charge transfer kinetics, Na3V1.85Fe0.15(PO4)2O2F (NVFPOF) with 15 wt% doping concentration shows an initial capacity of 137.2 mAh g−1 at 1C, which is about 31% higher than that of NVPOF. In addition, a full cell based on NVFPOF cathode and Hard carbon anode showed 82.3% capacity retention even after 100 cycles at 0.4C. Moreover, iron atoms can be used as the pillar of the host structure to buffer deformation and effectively alleviate the volume change (less than 1.05%) upon cycling, showing 86.5% capacity retention at 20C after 1000 cycles. The results provide an effective and simple way to construct advanced cathodes for SIBs

Table_1_Identification of Novel Drug Candidate for Epithelial Ovarian Cancer via In Silico Investigation and In Vitro Validation.docx

Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) has a poor prognosis and high mortality rate; patients are easy to relapse with standard therapies. So, there is an urgent need to develop novel drugs. In this study, differentially expressed genes (DEGs) of EOC were identified in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) databases. Enrichment and protein–protein interaction (PPI) analyses were performed. The drug candidate which has the possibility to treat EOC was predicted by Connectivity Map (CMAP) databases. Moreover, molecular docking was selected to calculate the binding affinity between drug candidate and hub genes. The cytotoxicity of drug candidates was assessed by MTT and colony formation analysis, the proteins coded by hub genes were detected by Western blots, and apoptosis analysis was evaluated by flow cytometry. Finally, 296 overlapping DEGs (|log 2 fold change|>1; q-value <0.05), which were principally involved in the cell cycle (p < 0.05), and cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (CDK1) were screened as the significant hub gene from the PPI network. Furthermore, the 21 drugs were extracted from CMAPs; among them, piperlongumine (PL) showed a lower CMAP score (-0.80, -62.92) and was regarded as the drug candidate. Furthermore, molecular docking results between PL and CDK1 with a docking score of –8.121 kcal/mol were close to the known CDK1 inhibitor (–8.24 kcal/mol). Additionally, in vitro experiments showed that PL inhibited proliferation and induced apoptosis via targeting CDK1 in EOC SKOV3 cells. Our results reveal that PL may be a novel drug candidate for EOC by inhibiting cell cycle.</p

Synthesis of Crown Ether End-Capped PM6 Copolymers with Tunable Molecular Weight for Organic Solar Cells

Poly-[(2,6-(4,8-bis(5-(2-ethylhexyl-3-fluoro)thiophen-2-yl)-benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b′]dithiophene))-alt-(5,5-(1′,3′-di-2-thienyl-5′,7′-bis(2-ethylhexyl)benzo[1′,2′-c:4′,5′-c′]dithiophene-4,8-dione))] (PM6) is one of the star molecules in organic solar cells (OSCs). However, PM6 has been suffering from molecular weight control and unreacted terminal groups. Thus, synthesizing high-quality polymers without batch-to-batch variations has been challenging for many years. Herein, a one-step protocol of both end-capping and polymerization at the same time was developed to prepare end-capped PM6 with molecular weight controlled by changing the monomer ratio. Specifically, non-end-capped PM67 and a series of PM6En with different molecular weights were synthesized and characterized. Our research findings indicated that (1) these copolymers’ number-average molecular weights (Mns) and weight-average molecular weights (Mws) were measured to be almost linearly increased. Although textbooks have mentioned the nonequivalent ratio monomer strategy to regulate the molecular weight of polymers, the end-capping yield has not been reported in the research of OSCs due to a lack of efficient experiments and instruments to measure the low percentage of end groups in the polymer. (2) Since the selected end-caping reagent 4′-bromobenzo-18-crown-6 (EBr) can be easily distinguished from the PM6 main backbone, we first measured the end-capping yield by both nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectra (MALDI-TOF-MS). We applied this approach for the first time to synthesize polymers with reasonable end-capping yields (40–97%) for OSCs. (3) Surprisingly, 18-crown-6 can reduce end-group defects, lower the polydispersity index (PDI) of the polymer, and achieve suitable morphology and mobility. As a result, the end-capped PM6E7-based device exhibited the best stability and power conversion efficiency (PCE) compared to those of the other end-capped or non-end-capped polymers. Both the end groups and molecular weight significantly affect the performance of the OSCs. PM6 and other copolymers could be finely tuned by subtly changing the molecular weights or end-cap groups with functional building blocks. Our research will stimulate the development of OSCs and other applications of copolymers