Freeze-dissolving method: a fast green technology for producing nanoparticles and ultrafine powder

A new technology, a freeze-dissolving method, has been developed to isolate nanoparticles or ultrafine powder and is a more efficient and sustainable method than the traditional freeze-drying method. In this work, frozen spherical ice particles were produced with an aqueous solution of sodium bicarbonate or ammonium dihydrogen phosphate at various concentrations to generate nanoparticles of NaHCO3 or (NH4)(H2PO4). The freeze-drying method sublimates ice, and nanoparticles of NaHCO3 or (NH4)(H2PO4) in the ice templates remain. The freeze-dissolving method dissolves ice particles in a low freezing point solvent at temperatures below 0 °C, and then, nanoparticles of NaHCO3 or (NH4)(H2PO4) can be isolated after filtration. The freeze-dissolving method is 100 times faster with about 100 times less energy consumption than the freeze-drying method as demonstrated in this work with a much smaller facility footprint and produces the same quantity of nanoparticles with a more uniform size distribution.</p

Freeze-Dissolving Method: A Fast Green Technology for Producing Nanoparticles and Ultrafine Powder

A new technology, a freeze-dissolving method, has been developed to isolate nanoparticles or ultrafine powder and is a more efficient and sustainable method than the traditional freeze-drying method. In this work, frozen spherical ice particles were produced with an aqueous solution of sodium bicarbonate or ammonium dihydrogen phosphate at various concentrations to generate nanoparticles of NaHCO3 or (NH4)­(H2PO4). The freeze-drying method sublimates ice, and nanoparticles of NaHCO3 or (NH4)­(H2PO4) in the ice templates remain. The freeze-dissolving method dissolves ice particles in a low freezing point solvent at temperatures below 0 °C, and then, nanoparticles of NaHCO3 or (NH4)­(H2PO4) can be isolated after filtration. The freeze-dissolving method is 100 times faster with about 100 times less energy consumption than the freeze-drying method as demonstrated in this work with a much smaller facility footprint and produces the same quantity of nanoparticles with a more uniform size distribution

Freeze-dissolving method: a fast green technology for producing nanoparticles and ultrafine powder

A new technology, a freeze-dissolving method, has been developed to isolate nanoparticles or ultrafine powder and is a more efficient and sustainable method than the traditional freeze-drying method. In this work, frozen spherical ice particles were produced with an aqueous solution of sodium bicarbonate or ammonium dihydrogen phosphate at various concentrations to generate nanoparticles of NaHCO3 or (NH4)(H2PO4). The freeze-drying method sublimates ice, and nanoparticles of NaHCO3 or (NH4)(H2PO4) in the ice templates remain. The freeze-dissolving method dissolves ice particles in a low freezing point solvent at temperatures below 0 °C, and then, nanoparticles of NaHCO3 or (NH4)(H2PO4) can be isolated after filtration. The freeze-dissolving method is 100 times faster with about 100 times less energy consumption than the freeze-drying method as demonstrated in this work with a much smaller facility footprint and produces the same quantity of nanoparticles with a more uniform size distribution.</p

Supplementary information files for " Application of efficient and sustainable freeze-dissolving technology in manufacturing of KHCO3 ultrafine particles"

Supplementary files for article "Application of efficient and sustainable freeze-dissolving technology in manufacturing of KHCO3 ultrafine particles"The development of ultrafine particles provided a new way to solve problems in the fields of energy, environment, and medicine, and had become one of the most promising technologies. Therefore, the application of ultrafine particles required the development of cleaner, greener, and more efficient preparation methods. The new freeze-dissolving technology has been applied in manufacturing of KHCO3 ultrafine particles, with an aqueous solution of 0.02–0.1 g KHCO3/g water. Frozen ice particles were formed after dripping the solution into liquid nitrogen. The antisolvent ethanol was used to dissolve the ice spherical template at a temperature below 273.15 K, and the pre-formed KHCO3 ultrafine particles inside the ice template remained in the ethanol aqueous solution. The ice particles were put into the freeze dryer to isolate the ultrafine KHCO3 particles. Compared with the particles produced with traditional freeze-drying technology, the ultrafine powder/particles produced by the freeze-dissolving technology were smaller with narrower size distribution. The freeze-dissolving technology has demonstrated a much more sustainable and efficient manufacturing process than the traditional freeze-drying process. In addition, the influence of the concentrations of KHCO3 and the sizes of ice particles were investigated with the discussions of mechanisms.©The Authors, CC BY-NC-ND 4.0</p

Application of efficient and sustainable freeze-dissolving technology in manufacturing of KHCO3 ultrafine particles

The development of ultrafine particles provided a new way to solve problems in the fields of energy, environment, and medicine, and had become one of the most promising technologies. Therefore, the application of ultrafine particles required the development of cleaner, greener, and more efficient preparation methods. The new freeze-dissolving technology has been applied in manufacturing of KHCO3 ultrafine particles, with an aqueous solution of 0.02–0.1 g KHCO3/g water. Frozen ice particles were formed after dripping the solution into liquid nitrogen. The antisolvent ethanol was used to dissolve the ice spherical template at a temperature below 273.15 K, and the pre-formed KHCO3 ultrafine particles inside the ice template remained in the ethanol aqueous solution. The ice particles were put into the freeze dryer to isolate the ultrafine KHCO3 particles. Compared with the particles produced with traditional freeze-drying technology, the ultrafine powder/particles produced by the freeze-dissolving technology were smaller with narrower size distribution. The freeze-dissolving technology has demonstrated a much more sustainable and efficient manufacturing process than the traditional freeze-drying process. In addition, the influence of the concentrations of KHCO3 and the sizes of ice particles were investigated with the discussions of mechanisms.</p

Fast and simple preparation of microparticles of KHCO₃ by a freeze-dissolving method with single solvent or additional antisolvent

Microparticles featuring specific attributes are essential for the chemical industries. Microparticles of KHCO3 were prepared by a freeze-dissolving method, with one solvent or with additional antisolvent. Firstly, KHCO3 aqueous solution was dripped into liquid nitrogen to prepare ice spherical particles, and additional antisolvent, ethanol, was used to dissolve the ice scaffolding to isolate the microparticles of KHCO3. In this work we have developed a new freeze-dissolving method with only one solvent, water. After formation of ice particles, a low-temperature saturated aqueous solution of KHCO3 was used to dissolve the ice in frozen spherical particles at low temperature to isolate the microparticles. Both freeze-dissolving methods were 100 times faster and more energy-efficient than the traditional freeze-drying method. The microparticles of KHCO3 obtained by the freeze-drying method and freeze-dissolving with antisolvent and with saturated solution were characterised with SEM and the particle size distributions were compared.</p

Supplementary information files for "Fast and simple preparation of microparticles of KHCO₃ by a freeze-dissolving method with single solvent or additional antisolvent"

Supplementary files for article "Fast and simple preparation of microparticles of KHCO3 by a freeze-dissolving method with single solvent or additional antisolvent"Microparticles featuring specific attributes are essential for the chemical industries. Microparticles of KHCO3 were prepared by a freeze-dissolving method, with one solvent or with additional antisolvent. Firstly, KHCO3 aqueous solution was dripped into liquid nitrogen to prepare ice spherical particles, and additional antisolvent, ethanol, was used to dissolve the ice scaffolding to isolate the microparticles of KHCO3. In this work we have developed a new freeze-dissolving method with only one solvent, water. After formation of ice particles, a low-temperature saturated aqueous solution of KHCO3 was used to dissolve the ice in frozen spherical particles at low temperature to isolate the microparticles. Both freeze-dissolving methods were 100 times faster and more energy-efficient than the traditional freeze-drying method. The microparticles of KHCO3 obtained by the freeze-drying method and freeze-dissolving with antisolvent and with saturated solution were characterised with SEM and the particle size distributions were compared.© The Authors, CC BY 3.0</p

DataSheet_1_Physiological responses and transcriptomic analysis of StCPD gene overexpression in potato under salt stresses.pdf

IntroductionThe potato (Solanum tuberosum L.), one of the most vital food crops worldwide, is sensitive to salinity. Brassinosteroids (BRs) are crucial in tolerance to various abiotic stresses. The constitutive photomorphogenesis and dwarf (CPD) gene encodes C-3 oxidase, which is a rate-limiting enzyme that controls the synthesis of BRs.MethodsIn this study, we used StCPD gene overexpression (T) and un-transgenic (NT) plants obtained from our former research to illustrate adaptive resistance to salt stress at levels of phenotype; cell ultrastructure, physiology, and biochemistry; hormone; and transcription.ResultsResults showed the accumulation of 2,4-epibrassionolide (EBL) in T potatoes. We found that under high salt situations, the changed Na+/K+ transporter gene expression was linked with the prevalent ionic responses in T plants, which led to lower concentrations of K+ and higher concentrations of Na+ in leaves. Furthermore, RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) data elucidated that gene expressions in NT and T plants were significantly changed with 200-mM NaCl treatment for 24 h and 48 h, compared with the 0-h treatment. Functional enrichment analysis suggested that most of the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were related to the regulation of BR-related gene expression, pigment metabolism process, light and action, and plant hormone signal transduction.DiscussionThese findings suggested that StCPD gene overexpression can alleviate the damage caused by salt stress and enhance the salt resistance of potato plantlets. Our study provides an essential reference for further research on BR regulation of plant molecular mechanisms in potatoes with stress tolerance.</p

Rapid and sustainable production of nano and micro medicine crystals via freeze-dissolving technology

Modern pharmaceutical manufacturing emphasizes the need for sustainable technologies. Fine particles, including nano and micro-sized crystals, are increasingly important, particularly in the production of inhalation medicines. A novel application of freeze-dissolving technology has been demonstrated in the production of metronidazole, a model drug. This process involves creating frozen spherical particles by introducing a tert-butanol solution containing dissolved metronidazole into liquid nitrogen. Various antisolvents, such as n-hexane, n-heptane, ethanol, n-propanol, n-butanol, or n-pentanol, were employed to dissolve these frozen templates at temperatures ranging from 248.15 to 278.15 K. During this process, pre-formed metronidazole fine particles within the frozen template were released into the antisolvent solution. An alternative method involved placing these frozen particles into a vacuumed freeze dryer to extract the fine particles. The new freeze-dissolving technology can save 99% both energy and time compared to the traditional freeze-drying method, demonstrating a significantly more efficient and sustainable pharmaceutical manufacturing approach.</p

Construction and preliminary identification of a prokaryotic expression single-chain antibody fragments library against <i>Streptococcus pneumoniae</i> from antibody-producing cells in human tonsil

Tonsillitis is the inflammation of the tonsils due to infection, many patients ultimately have to undergo tonsillectomy. In order to improve the accuracy of diagnosis and even create a new treatment for tonsillitis, we constructed a prokaryotic expression single-chain antibody fragment library against Streptococcus pneumoniae with immunoglobulin heavy chain variable region (VH), κ light chain (Vκ), and λ light chain (Vλ) genes by using human tonsil tissue. Plasmid DNA sequencing showed that single-chain antibodies were complete and constructed correctly. The binding activity of recombinant clones was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), results showed that the binding activity and specificity of anti-S. pneumoniae single-chain fragment variable (scfv) is proved to be successful. The single-chain antibody may be an attractive strategy for tonsillitis etiologic diagnosis and therapy.</p