Table_1_The Application and Limitation of Universal Chloroplast Markers in Discriminating East Asian Evergreen Oaks.xls

<p>The East Asian subtropics mostly occupied by evergreen broad-leaved forests (EBLFs), is one of the global diversity centers for evergreen oaks. Evergreen oaks are keystone canopy trees in EBLFs with important ecosystem function and crucial significance for regional biodiversity conservation. However, the species composition and diversity of Asian evergreen oaks are poorly understood. Here, we test whether the four chloroplast markers atpI-atpH, matK, psbA-trnH, and ycf1, can discriminate the two evergreen oak sections in Asia – Cyclobalanopsis and Ilex. Two hundred and seventy-two individuals representing 57 species were scanned and 17 species from other oaks sections were included for phylogenetic reconstruction. The genetic diversity of the Quercus sections was also compared. Overall, we found that universal chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) barcoding markers could resolve two clades in Quercus, i.e., subgenus Cerris (Old World Clade) and subgenus Quercus (New World Clade). The chloroplast markers distinguished the main sections, with few exceptions. Each cpDNA region showed no barcoding gap and none of them provided good resolution at the species level. The best species resolution (27.78%) was obtained when three or four markers were combined and analyzed using BLAST. The high conservation of the cpDNA and complicated evolutionary patterns, due to incomplete lineage sorting, interspecific hybridization and introgressions may hinder the ability of cpDNA markers to discriminate different species. When comparing diversification pattern across Quercus sections (Cyclobalanopsis, Ilex, Cerris, Quercus, and Protobalanus), we found that section Ilex was the most genetically diverse, and section Cyclobalanopsis was lower genetically diverse. This diversification pattern may have resulted from the interplay of the Eurasia Cenozoic tectonic movements, climate changes and different niches of their ancestral lineages.</p

Table_1_Highly Efficient Near-Infrared Light-Emitting Diodes Based on Chloride Treated CdTe/CdSe Type-II Quantum Dots.DOCX

Quantum dot light-emitting diodes (QLEDs) have been considered as the most promising candidate of light sources for the new generation display and solid-state lighting applications. Especially, the performance of visible QLEDs based on II-VI quantum dots (QDs) has satisfied the requirements of the above applications. However, the optoelectronic properties of the corresponding near-infrared (NIR) QLEDs still lag far behind the visible ones. Here, we demonstrated the highly efficient NIR QLEDs based on chloride treated CdTe/CdSe type-II QDs. The maximum radiant emittance and peak external quantum efficiency (EQE) increased by 24.5 and 26.3%, up to 66 mW/cm2 and 7.2% for the corresponding devices based on the chloride treated CdTe/CdSe QDs with the PL peak located at 788 nm, respectively, compared with those of devices before chloride treatment. Remarkably, the EQE of > 5% can be sustained at the current density of 0.3–250 mA/cm2 after the chloride treatment. Compared with NIR LEDs based on transition metal complex, the efficiency roll-off has been suppressed to some extent for chloride treated CdTe/CdSe based NIR QLEDs. Based on the optimized conditions, the peak EQE of 7.4, 5.0, and 1.8% can be obtained for other devices based on chloride treated CdTe/CdSe with PL peak of 744, 852, and 910 nm, respectively. This improved performance can be mainly attributed to the chloride surface ligand that not only increases the carrier mobility and reduces the carrier accumulation, but also increases the probability of electron-hole radiative efficiency within QD layers.</p

Boosting the Activity of Single-Atom Pt₁/CeO₂ via Co Doping for Low-Temperature Catalytic Oxidation of CO

The properties of supports have a significant effect on the activity of noble metal single atoms. In this work, Co-doped CeO2-supported single-atom Pt catalysts (Pt1/Co-CeO2) have been acquired by a synchronous pyrolysis/deposition route and demonstrated to promote low-temperature oxidation of CO. Revealed by a model reaction of 1% CO + 1% O2 + 98% He at a space velocity of 12,000 mL/gcat/h, CO conversion (100 °C) acquired on a (0.5% Pt)/(10% Co-CeO2) catalyst (36.6%) was 3.6 and 4.9 times those of 0.5% Pt/CeO2 (10.0%) and 10% Co-CeO2 (7.4%) catalysts and 2.1 times that of their conversion sum (17.4%), confirming the positive role of the Co dopant in boosting the low-temperature oxidation of CO. The consistent results are also verified in the comparison of Pt1/Co-ZnO with Pt1/ZnO and Pt1/Co-Al2O3 with Pt1/Al2O3. In addition, the activity of single-atom Pt1/Co-CeO2 catalysts can be facilely modified by changing the loading of Pt and/or doping amount of Co. These reasonable data will provide a methodology to access more applicable catalysts for CO oxidation at low temperature

Bioactive xanthoquinodins and epipolythiodioxopiperazines from <i>Chaetomium globosum</i> 7s-1, an endophytic fungus isolated from <i>Rhapis cochinchinensis</i> (Lour.) Mart

A new xanthoquinodin B9 (1), together with two known xanthoquinodins, xanthoquinodin A1 (2) and xanthoquinodin A3 (3), three epipolythiodioxopiperazines, chetomin (4), chaetocochin C (5) and dethio-tetra(methylthio)chetomin (6), and four other compounds, chrysophanol (7), emodin (8), alatinone (9), and ergosterol (10) were isolated from the endophytic fungus Chaetomium globosum 7s-1, isolated from Rhapis cochinchinensis (Lour.) Mart. All isolated structures were established based on their spectroscopic data analyses. Compounds 1–6 showed antibacterial activity against Gram positive bacteria with MICs ranging from 0.02 pM to 10.81 µM. Compounds 1–6 also exhibited cytotoxicity against KB, MCF-7 and NCI-H187 cancer cell lines (IC50 0.04–18.40 µM). However, they were cytotoxic towards a normal cell line (Vero cell) with IC50 values ranging from 0.04 to 3.86 µM. </p

Cytotoxic and antibacterial depsidones from the endophytic fungus <i>Chaetomium brasiliense</i> isolated from Thai rice

Four new depsidones, mollicellins V-Y (1-4), together with eight known depsidones (5-12) were isolated from the endophytic fungus, Chaetomium brasiliense, detached from stems of Thai rice. Their structures were determined by extensive spectroscopic methods. Mollicellins X, H, and F (3, 8 and 10) showed potent cytotoxicity against the human oral epidermoid carcinoma (KB) cell line, and mollicellin F (10) also showed a potent cytotoxicity against the human hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) cell line. Besides, mollicellin B (11) exhibited cytotoxicity against the colorectal adenocarcinoma (HT-29) cell line. Moreover, most of the isolated depsidones displayed potent antibacterial activity against Gram-positive bacteria, Bacillus cereus and Bacillus subtilis, and several of them showed moderate activity against Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and clinical isolates of S. aureus. In addition, a few of them also showed moderate activity against a Gram-negative bacteria Pseudomonas aeruginosa.</p