Parental perspectives on children’s use of portable digital devices

<p>Small portable digital devices (PDDs) – tablets and smartphones – are becoming increasingly popular among children at early ages. In this qualitative study, we applied the theoretical frameworks of <i>self-efficacy</i> and <i>othermothering</i> to examine the perspectives of parents from rural areas regarding the role of PDDs in children of early and primary education age (4–7 years old). We conducted in-depth interviews with parents, observed children at home, and collected artefacts related to children’s PDDs use to capture daily habits, experiences, and attitudes from different angles. Data revealed that parents supported PDDs as entertainment and learning tools. Parents reported improvements in dexterity, memory, attention, and linguistic and mathematical skills, and believed that PDDs positively affect children’s cognitive development. During observations, children exhibited versatility and skill with app navigation for entertainment and educational purposes. Children completed tasks in an independent and efficacious manner that reinforced engagement. Parents seemed to unconsciously transfer to PDDs a cognitive and social role that created another parenting modality as in othermothering. Parents, meanwhile, appeared concerned with uncontrolled overuse of PDDs by children. These findings suggest that parents from rural areas view PDDs as tools that pose opportunities and challenges for entertainment and learning.</p

Association between AC and non-vertebral fractures in Cox proportional hazard regression model.

<p>BMD = bone mineral density, vertebral and hip BMD; ACS = aortic calcifications score; SD = standard deviation.</p><p>Adjusted for age, BMI, BMD, history of two or more falls, current smoking, current drinking, previous fracture, hypertension, diabetes, total cholesterol, myocardial infarction, stroke, adiponectin, osteocalcin, leptin and 25(OH)D.</p

Supplemental material for The impact of circumferential casing grooves on rotating instability in a transonic axial compressor

<p>Supplemental material for The impact of circumferential casing grooves on rotating instability in a transonic axial compressor by Shubo Ye, Qingjun Zhao, Xiaoyong Zhou, Guang Xi and Jianzhong Xu in Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part G: Journal of Aerospace Engineering</p

Relationship between ACS groups and the fractures.

<p>ACS  =  aortic calcifications score.</p><p>*p<0.01 vs G1.</p

Tetraphenylphosphonium Bromide as a Cathode Buffer Layer Material for Highly Efficient Polymer Solar Cells

Here, we introduced the role of small organic molecule tetraphenylphosphonium bromide (<b>QPhPBr</b>) as an electron-transporting layer (ETL) material for fabricating high-efficiency bulk heterojunction polymer solar cells (PSCs). Their significantly higher power conversion efficiency (PCE) in well-known active layer devices (PTB7-Th:PC₇₁BM, PBDTTT-CT:PC₇₁BM, and P3HT:PC₇₁BM) was observed compared to that of the bare Al cathode. The use of N719 as an ETL was also demonstrated. Observed data reveal that <b>QPhPBr</b>-based devices exhibit high PCEs up to 9.18, 8.42, and 4.81% from PTB7-Th, PBDTTT-CT, and P3HT, respectively. For comparisons, the bare Al devices show PCEs of 5.37, 4.75, and 3.01%, respectively. Moreover, further enhancement of PSC efficiency (9.83, 8.69, and 5.35%) is achieved from mixed binary solution of <b>N719:QPhPBr</b> because of modulated adjustment of the work function of the Al electrode. Our results indicate the excellent function of tetraphenylphosphonium bromide and its binary blend as effective small-molecule organic materials to regulate the metal surface properties and the potential used as excellent cathode buffer layer materials for realizing high-efficiency PSCs

Incidence of vertebral and non-vertebral fractures per 100 person-years by age and site.

<p>Incidence of vertebral and non-vertebral fractures was significantly higher in the 60- to 69-year-old group, the 70- to 79-year-old group and the>80-year-old group compared to the 50- to 59-year-old group (p<0.001, respectively). In each group, the vertebral fracture prevalence was significantly higher than for non-vertebral fractures (p<0.001).</p

Fracture-free survival according to baseline ACS.

<p>Survival of women in this study cohort during over 5 years of follow-up, according to the ACS at baseline: ACS in G1 (0), G2 (1–2), G3 (3–6), and G4(>6). Fracture incidence was significantly higher in G2, G3, and G4, compared to G1, at the end of the 5 years of follow-up (p<0.001, respectively).</p

Baseline characteristics of the subjects who developed aortic calcification and who did not in the study of 1724 women.

<p>AC = aortic calcification; BMD = bone mineral density.</p

Investigation on Thermal Degradation of Poly(1,4-butylene terephthalate) Filled with Aluminum Hypophosphite and Trimer by Thermogravimetric Analysis–Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy and Thermogravimetric Analysis–Mass Spectrometry

Flame-retarded poly­(1,4-butylene terephthalate) (PBT) has been prepared using aluminum hypophosphite (AHP) and tri­(1-oxo-2,6,7-trioxa-1-phosphabicyclo­[2,2,2]­octane-methyl)­phosphate (Trimer). The combustion properties of flame-retarded PBT were evaluated using limiting oxygen index, UL-94, and cone calorimetry. The cone calorimeter data indicated that the presence of PBT/AHP/Trimer imparted a significant smoke-suppressing effect. The thermal degradation properties of flame-retarded PBT were investigated using thermogravimetric analysis–Fourier transform infrared and thermogravimetric analysis–mass spectrometry. For the samples of PBT, PBT/25% AHP, and PBT/AHP/Trimer, the main gas pyrolysis products were CO₂ and butadiene; the sample of PBT/AHP/Trimer generated less CO₂ and butadiene and consequently retained more carbon in the matrix. The amount of phosphorus–oxygen radicals of PBT/25% AHP was 1.3 times that of PBT/AHP/Trimer, which indicated that AHP alone showed slightly stronger gaseous phase effect than the combination of AHP and Trimer. This result is further confirmed by the analysis of the char residues by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy

DataSheet_1_Optimal selection of specimens for metagenomic next-generation sequencing in diagnosing periprosthetic joint infections.docx

ObjectiveThis study aimed to assess the diagnostic value of metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) across synovial fluid, prosthetic sonicate fluid, and periprosthetic tissues among patients with periprosthetic joint infection (PJI), intending to optimize specimen selection for mNGS in these patients.MethodsThis prospective study involved 61 patients undergoing revision arthroplasty between September 2021 and September 2022 at the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University. Among them, 43 cases were diagnosed as PJI, and 18 as aseptic loosening (AL) based on the American Musculoskeletal Infection Society (MSIS) criteria. Preoperative or intraoperative synovial fluid, periprosthetic tissues, and prosthetic sonicate fluid were collected, each divided into two portions for mNGS and culture. Comparative analyses were conducted between the microbiological results and diagnostic efficacy derived from mNGS and culture tests. Furthermore, the variability in mNGS diagnostic efficacy for PJI across different specimen types was assessed.ResultsThe sensitivity and specificity of mNGS diagnosis was 93% and 94.4% for all types of PJI specimens; the sensitivity and specificity of culture diagnosis was 72.1% and 100%, respectively. The diagnostic sensitivity of mNGS was significantly higher than that of culture (X2 = 6.541, P=0.011), with no statistically significant difference in specificity (X2 = 1.029, P=0.310). The sensitivity of the synovial fluid was 83.7% and the specificity was 94.4%; the sensitivity of the prosthetic sonicate fluid was 90.7% and the specificity was 94.4%; and the sensitivity of the periprosthetic tissue was 81.4% and the specificity was 100%. Notably, the mNGS of prosthetic sonicate fluid displayed a superior pathogen detection rate compared to other specimen types.ConclusionmNGS can function as a precise diagnostic tool for identifying pathogens in PJI patients using three types of specimens. Due to its superior ability in pathogen identification, prosthetic sonicate fluid can replace synovial fluid and periprosthetic tissue as the optimal sample choice for mNGS.</p