Texts of Kolima dialect of Yukaghir

<p>Clinical chemistry data of monkeys fed on diets containing GM rice or non-GM rice.</p

Body weights of monkeys fed on diets containing GM rice or non-GM rice.

<p>Body weights of female animals (A) and male animals(B) fed on diets containing genetically modified (GM rice) or non-GM rice increased steadily during the treatment period, and the body weights of animals in the GM rice groups and non-GM rice group did not significantly differ (<i>p</i>>0.05).</p

Mitogen-induced peripheral blood lymphocyte proliferation in monkeys fed on diets containing GM rice or non-GM rice.

<p>Mitogen-induced peripheral blood lymphocyte proliferation in monkeys fed on diets containing GM rice or non-GM rice.</p

Protective role of silent information regulator 1 against hepatic ischemia: effects on oxidative stress injury, inflammatory response, and MAPKs

<p><b>Objective</b>: Previous studies have verified that silent information regulator 1 (SIRT1), a class III histone deacetylase, protects against ischemia reperfusion (IR) injury (IRI) in some organs. In this study, we examined whether SIRT1 could protect against hepatic IRI and explored the potential mechanisms.</p> <p><b>Research design and methods</b>: We examined whether SIRT1 could protect against hepatic IRI <i>in vivo</i> and <i>in vitro</i> using hepatic-specific SIRT1^−/- mice, SIRT1 siRNA-transfected hepatocytes and SIRT1^+/+ hepatocytes.</p> <p><b>Results</b>: The expression and activity of SIRT1 were significantly reduced during reperfusion compared with that observed in the control group. Hepatic-specific SIRT1^−/- mice exhibited significant increase of hepatic damage markers and augment of oxidative stress and inflammatory response compared with control mice. <i>In vitro</i> studies demonstrated similar results. Furthermore, SIRT1 upregulation protects against hepatic IRI, through the overexpression of p-JNK, p-p38MAPK, and p-ERK. The protection of SIRT1 can be effectively reversed by the inhibitors of p38MAPK, JNK, and ERK.</p> <p><b>Conclusion</b>: The activation of SIRT1 significantly inhibits the oxidative stress and inflammatory response during hepatic IRI, which can be developed as a novel method to protect against hepatic IRI.</p

Microscopic evaluation of the spleens of monkeys fed on diets containing GM rice or non-GM rice.

<p>Microscopic evaluation of the spleen (40×) in monkeys in the non-GM rice group (A), positive control group (B), 17.5% genetically modified rice (GM rice) group (C), and 70% GM rice group (D). The spleens of monkeys in the positive group (B) showed atrophy and slightly fewer lymphocytes in the white pulp.</p

Nutrient composition of non-GM rice, GM rice and its parental rice.

<p>Nutrient composition of non-GM rice, GM rice and its parental rice.</p

Serum levels of anti-KLH IgG and anti-KLH IgM after immunization.

<p>(A) Serum levels of anti-KLH IgG (A) in monkeys fed on diets containing genetically modified (GM rice) or non-GM rice reached a plateau on day 11 after the KLH-immunization. (B) Serum levels of anti-KLH IgM in monkeys fed on diets containing GM rice or non-GM rice were maximized 11 days after the KLH-immunization.</p

Electrocardiogram of monkeys fed on diets containing GM rice or non-GM rice.

<p>Electrocardiogram of monkeys fed on diets containing GM rice or non-GM rice.</p

Nutrient composition of diets containing non-GM rice or GM rice.

<p>Nutrient composition of diets containing non-GM rice or GM rice.</p

Serum cytokine levels of monkeys fed on diets containing GM rice or non-GM rice(pg/mL).

<p>Serum cytokine levels of monkeys fed on diets containing GM rice or non-GM rice(pg/mL).</p