Section of the I-steel.

Traditional tower cranes cannot meet the sustainable development goals as they use the cast-in-place concrete foundation, with large size, long construction period, and demolition after construction, resulting in waste of resources and high costs. This paper proposes a bolt-connected prefabricated cross-shaped I-steel tower crane foundation. It offers significant advantages in terms of convenient connection, low amortization cost and recyclability. The split connection point of the foundation is determined through the force analysis of the I-steel. With the ratio of the fixed cross-sectional area to the web height-to-thickness ratio (i.e. total cost) being constant, the inertia moment and bending stiffness of the I-steel are optimized using modern optimization design methods with the ratio of the web plate area to the total section area of the I-steel as the design variable, yielding the ideal strength and stiffness of the I-steel section.</div

Comparison of internal force of the single I-steel by three different methods.

(a) Comparison of shear force of the single I-steel by three different methods; (b) Comparison of bending moment of the single I-steel by three different methods.</p

Structural compute diagram of the single I-steel.

Traditional tower cranes cannot meet the sustainable development goals as they use the cast-in-place concrete foundation, with large size, long construction period, and demolition after construction, resulting in waste of resources and high costs. This paper proposes a bolt-connected prefabricated cross-shaped I-steel tower crane foundation. It offers significant advantages in terms of convenient connection, low amortization cost and recyclability. The split connection point of the foundation is determined through the force analysis of the I-steel. With the ratio of the fixed cross-sectional area to the web height-to-thickness ratio (i.e. total cost) being constant, the inertia moment and bending stiffness of the I-steel are optimized using modern optimization design methods with the ratio of the web plate area to the total section area of the I-steel as the design variable, yielding the ideal strength and stiffness of the I-steel section.</div

Foundation types for the foundation soils with different bearing capacity (a) Foundation soil with good bearing capacity (b) Foundation soil with general bearing capacity (c) Foundation soil with poor bearing capacity.

Foundation types for the foundation soils with different bearing capacity (a) Foundation soil with good bearing capacity (b) Foundation soil with general bearing capacity (c) Foundation soil with poor bearing capacity.</p

Optimization results of welded I-steel section.

Traditional tower cranes cannot meet the sustainable development goals as they use the cast-in-place concrete foundation, with large size, long construction period, and demolition after construction, resulting in waste of resources and high costs. This paper proposes a bolt-connected prefabricated cross-shaped I-steel tower crane foundation. It offers significant advantages in terms of convenient connection, low amortization cost and recyclability. The split connection point of the foundation is determined through the force analysis of the I-steel. With the ratio of the fixed cross-sectional area to the web height-to-thickness ratio (i.e. total cost) being constant, the inertia moment and bending stiffness of the I-steel are optimized using modern optimization design methods with the ratio of the web plate area to the total section area of the I-steel as the design variable, yielding the ideal strength and stiffness of the I-steel section.</div

Three-dimensional solid finite element model and mesh division.

Three-dimensional solid finite element model and mesh division.</p

Bolt-connected prefabricated cross-shaped I-steel tower crane foundation.

(a) Top view of the foundation. (b) Profile of the I-steel.</p

Internal force of the single I-steel by bar system finite element method.

(a) Shear force of the single I-steel by bar system finite element method; (b) Bending moment of the single I-steel by bar system finite element method.</p

Internal force of the single I-steel by three-dimensional solid finite element.

method (a) Shear force of the single I-steel by three-dimensional solid finite element method; b) Bending moment of the single I-steel by three-dimensional solid finite element method.</p

Relation curves between <i>α</i> and <i>I</i>/<i>I</i>_<i>utl</i> and <i>W</i>/<i>W</i>_<i>utl</i>.

Traditional tower cranes cannot meet the sustainable development goals as they use the cast-in-place concrete foundation, with large size, long construction period, and demolition after construction, resulting in waste of resources and high costs. This paper proposes a bolt-connected prefabricated cross-shaped I-steel tower crane foundation. It offers significant advantages in terms of convenient connection, low amortization cost and recyclability. The split connection point of the foundation is determined through the force analysis of the I-steel. With the ratio of the fixed cross-sectional area to the web height-to-thickness ratio (i.e. total cost) being constant, the inertia moment and bending stiffness of the I-steel are optimized using modern optimization design methods with the ratio of the web plate area to the total section area of the I-steel as the design variable, yielding the ideal strength and stiffness of the I-steel section.</div