Data_Sheet_1_Oxidized OxyR Up-Regulates ahpCF Expression to Suppress Plating Defects of oxyR- and Catalase-Deficient Strains.docx

It is well established that in bacteria, such as Escherichia coli, OxyR is a transcriptional regulator that mediates the response to H2O2 by activating the OxyR regulon, which consists of many genes that play vital roles in oxidative stress resistance. In Shewanella, OxyR regulates, however, in both reduced and oxidized states, the production of H2O2 scavengers, including major catalase KatB and NADH peroxidase AhpCF. Here we showed that the oxyR mutant carried a plating defect manifested as division arresting, a phenotype that can be completely suppressed by an OxyR variant constitutively existing in oxidized form (OxyRL197P). This effect of OxyRL197P could not be solely attributed to the increment in KatB production, since the suppression was also observed in the absence of KatB. Although expression of peroxidase CcpA was greatly activated by OxyRL197P, the contribution of the protein in alleviating plating defect was negligible. We eventually identified AhpCF as the critical factor, when produced at substantially elevated levels by OxyRL197P, to protect the cell from H2O2 attack. Our data indicate that AhpCF is a particularly important peroxidase in oxidative stress resistance in Shewanella, not only playing a compensatory role for catalase, but also by itself providing sufficient protection from killing of H2O2 generated abiotically.</p

Polarized deep diffractive neural network for classification, generation, multiplexing and de-multiplexing of orbital angular momentum modes

The multiplexing and de-multiplexing of orbital angular momentum (OAM) beams are critical issues in optical communication. Optical diffractive neural networks have been introduced to perform classification, generation, multiplexing and de-multiplexing of OAM beams. However, conventional diffractive neural networks cannot handle OAM modes with a varying spatial distribution of polarization directions. Herein, we propose a polarized optical deep diffractive neural network that is designed based on the concept of rectangular micro-structure meta-material. Our proposed polarized optical diffractive neural network is trained to classify, generate, multiplex and de-multiplex polarized OAM beams.The simulation results show that our network framework can successfully classify 14 kinds of orthogonally polarized vortex beams and de-multiplex the hybrid OAM beams into Gauss beams at two, three and four spatial positions respectively. 6 polarized OAM beams with identical total intensity and 8 cylinder vector beams with different topology charges also have been classified effectively. Additionally, results reveal that the network can generate hybrid OAM beams with high quality and multiplex two polarized linear beams into 8 kinds of cylinder vector beams

Additional file 1 of Potentially Useful Dwarfing or Semi-dwarfing Genes in Rice Breeding in Addition to the sd1 Gene

Additional file 1: Table S1 Details on Rice dwarf and semi-dwarf genes from Rice Annotation Project Database ( https://rapdb.dna.affrc.go.jp/ )

Image_2_Case Report: The Coronal Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Three-Dimensional Fast-Field Echo With Water-Selective Excitation Can Identify the Wrapping of Spinal Nerve Fibers Into Subdural Tumors Prior to Operation.TIF

PurposeIn the present study, the authors intend to identify the spatial relationship between subdural tumors and spinal nerve fibers of cauda equina prior to operation using the coronal MRI of three-dimensional fast-field echo with water-selective excitation (CMRI).MethodsIn total, 30 case series with surgically and pathologically verified subdural tumors were enrolled in the present study. The spatial relationship between subdural tumors and spinal nerve fibers of the cauda equina was assessed via conventional MRI and CMRI by three experts prior to operation. The spatial relationship between subdural tumors and spinal nerve fibers of the cauda equina was classified using CMRI. The accuracy of imaging observation was determined via intraoperative observation.ResultsThough conventional MRI and gadolinium (Gd)-enhanced MRI (Gd MRI) cannot identify the spatial relationship between subdural tumors and spinal nerve fibers of cauda equina in all cases, CMRI can identify it prior to operation and divide the spatial relationship of spinal nerve fibers of cauda equina with subdural tumors into three types. CMRI shows higher sensitivity (97.44%) and specificity (90.47%) in identifying the spatial relationship of spinal nerve fibers of cauda equina with subdural tumors. Additionally, CMRI also showed a substantial agreement with a kappa value of 0.78.ConclusionHerein, the authors first describe a potential novel application that CMRI can successfully identify the spatial relationship between subdural tumors and spinal nerve fibers of cauda equina prior to operation, which play an essential role in making a prudent surgical plan and preventing postoperative nerve damage.SummaryIntraoperative observation confirms spinal nerve fibers of cauda equina are often wrapped into subdural tumors of the thoracolumbar and lumbar region, which can result in a high rate of sensory and motor dysfunction after the operation due to the unconscious about the wrapping of nerves into subdural tumors prior to operation. To date, there is not an effective strategy to identify the wrapping before operation.</p

Table_1_Case Report: The Coronal Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Three-Dimensional Fast-Field Echo With Water-Selective Excitation Can Identify the Wrapping of Spinal Nerve Fibers Into Subdural Tumors Prior to Operation.DOCX

PurposeIn the present study, the authors intend to identify the spatial relationship between subdural tumors and spinal nerve fibers of cauda equina prior to operation using the coronal MRI of three-dimensional fast-field echo with water-selective excitation (CMRI).MethodsIn total, 30 case series with surgically and pathologically verified subdural tumors were enrolled in the present study. The spatial relationship between subdural tumors and spinal nerve fibers of the cauda equina was assessed via conventional MRI and CMRI by three experts prior to operation. The spatial relationship between subdural tumors and spinal nerve fibers of the cauda equina was classified using CMRI. The accuracy of imaging observation was determined via intraoperative observation.ResultsThough conventional MRI and gadolinium (Gd)-enhanced MRI (Gd MRI) cannot identify the spatial relationship between subdural tumors and spinal nerve fibers of cauda equina in all cases, CMRI can identify it prior to operation and divide the spatial relationship of spinal nerve fibers of cauda equina with subdural tumors into three types. CMRI shows higher sensitivity (97.44%) and specificity (90.47%) in identifying the spatial relationship of spinal nerve fibers of cauda equina with subdural tumors. Additionally, CMRI also showed a substantial agreement with a kappa value of 0.78.ConclusionHerein, the authors first describe a potential novel application that CMRI can successfully identify the spatial relationship between subdural tumors and spinal nerve fibers of cauda equina prior to operation, which play an essential role in making a prudent surgical plan and preventing postoperative nerve damage.SummaryIntraoperative observation confirms spinal nerve fibers of cauda equina are often wrapped into subdural tumors of the thoracolumbar and lumbar region, which can result in a high rate of sensory and motor dysfunction after the operation due to the unconscious about the wrapping of nerves into subdural tumors prior to operation. To date, there is not an effective strategy to identify the wrapping before operation.</p

A schematic of the role of QYHJ in cancer-related inflammation and cell invasion.

<p>QYHJ targets cancer-related inflammation in pancreatic cancer via decreased TAM infiltration and IL-6 production. Because IL-6 can promote cancer cell migration and invasion by inducing EMT, the suppression of cancer-related inflammation by QYHJ can inhibit pancreatic cancer cell invasion and metastasis.</p

Image_1_Case Report: The Coronal Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Three-Dimensional Fast-Field Echo With Water-Selective Excitation Can Identify the Wrapping of Spinal Nerve Fibers Into Subdural Tumors Prior to Operation.TIF

PurposeIn the present study, the authors intend to identify the spatial relationship between subdural tumors and spinal nerve fibers of cauda equina prior to operation using the coronal MRI of three-dimensional fast-field echo with water-selective excitation (CMRI).MethodsIn total, 30 case series with surgically and pathologically verified subdural tumors were enrolled in the present study. The spatial relationship between subdural tumors and spinal nerve fibers of the cauda equina was assessed via conventional MRI and CMRI by three experts prior to operation. The spatial relationship between subdural tumors and spinal nerve fibers of the cauda equina was classified using CMRI. The accuracy of imaging observation was determined via intraoperative observation.ResultsThough conventional MRI and gadolinium (Gd)-enhanced MRI (Gd MRI) cannot identify the spatial relationship between subdural tumors and spinal nerve fibers of cauda equina in all cases, CMRI can identify it prior to operation and divide the spatial relationship of spinal nerve fibers of cauda equina with subdural tumors into three types. CMRI shows higher sensitivity (97.44%) and specificity (90.47%) in identifying the spatial relationship of spinal nerve fibers of cauda equina with subdural tumors. Additionally, CMRI also showed a substantial agreement with a kappa value of 0.78.ConclusionHerein, the authors first describe a potential novel application that CMRI can successfully identify the spatial relationship between subdural tumors and spinal nerve fibers of cauda equina prior to operation, which play an essential role in making a prudent surgical plan and preventing postoperative nerve damage.SummaryIntraoperative observation confirms spinal nerve fibers of cauda equina are often wrapped into subdural tumors of the thoracolumbar and lumbar region, which can result in a high rate of sensory and motor dysfunction after the operation due to the unconscious about the wrapping of nerves into subdural tumors prior to operation. To date, there is not an effective strategy to identify the wrapping before operation.</p

QYHJ inhibits the growth of human pancreatic tumors in an orthotopic nude mouse model.

<p>A. Flow chart of the experimental design and treatment schedule. B–D. Orthotopic models of pancreatic cancer were established as described in Materials and Methods. Three days post-establishment, mice were orally treated with or without QYHJ for 28 days, and then the tumors were removed and weighed. Photographs of orthotopic transplanted tumors from both groups are shown in B. The tumor weights are shown in C, and the body weight of the mice in both groups is shown in D. n = 10 per group. The Student’s t-test was used to determine the statistical significance.</p

Targeting Cancer-Related Inflammation: Chinese Herbal Medicine Inhibits Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition in Pancreatic Cancer

<div><p>Pancreatic cancer is an almost universally fatal disease resulting from early invasion of adjacent structures and metastasis and the lack of an effective treatment modality. Our previous studies have shown that Qingyihuaji Formula (QYHJ), a seven-herb Chinese medicine formula, had significant anti-cancer effects in pancreatic cancer. Here, we examined the effects of QYHJ on pancreatic cancer cell invasion and metastasis and the potential associated mechanism(s). We found that QYHJ inhibited both tumor growth and metastasis in nude mice with human pancreatic cancer cell xenografts. Further study indicated that QYHJ inhibited epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), which is characterized by increased E-cadherin expression and decreased vimentin, N-cadherin and Slug expression. Interleukin 6 (IL-6), a pro-inflammatory cytokine produced mainly by macrophages, could promote cancer cell EMT and invasion. In contrast, treatment with QYHJ inhibited cancer-related inflammation in tumors by decreasing infiltration of tumor-associated macrophages and IL-6 production, thus preventing cell invasion and metastasis. These results suggested that the Chinese herbal medicine QYHJ could inhibit pancreatic cancer cell invasion and metastasis in part by reversing tumor-supporting inflammation.</p></div

Susceptibility of <i>S. oneidensis</i> to various antibiotics.

a<p>ND, not determined.</p