Self-adaptive waveguide boundary for wideband multi-mode four-wave mixing

We propose a new approach to provide wideband multi-mode four-wave mixing, independent of the intrinsic waveguide dispersion. We adopt concepts from quantum mechanics and sub-wavelength engineering to design an effective photon well, with a graded potential along the waveguide cross section, that provides flexible control over the mode confinement. The self-adaptive nature of the waveguide boundary allows different spatial modes with equi-spaced frequencies and shared propagation wavevector, automatically fulfilling both, energy conservation and wavevector phase matching conditions. Capitalizing on this concept, we show phase-matching among modes separated by 400 nm (bridging from telecom wavelengths to almost 2{\mu}m), with less than 5% deviation in a remarkably large bandwidth exceeding 300 nm. Furthermore, we also show the flexibility of the proposed approach that can be seamlessly adapted to different technology platforms with the same or different waveguide thicknesses. This strategy opens a new design space for versatile nonlinear applications in which the manipulation of energy spacing and phase matching is pivotal, e.g. all-optical signal processing with four-wave mixing, mid-infrared light generation, Brillouin scattering with selectable phonon energy, etc

C‑2 Functionalized Trialkylimidazolium Ionic Liquids with Alkoxymethyl Group: Synthesis, Characterization, and Properties

A new family of C-2 functionalized trialkylimidazolium ionic liquids with alkoxymethyl groups were synthesized and characterized. Their physicochemical properties including melting point, thermal stability, viscosity, conductivity, and electrochemical windows were systematically investigated. All of these functionalized trialkylimidazolium ionic liquids were liquids at room temperature, and most of them had melting points lower than −60 °C. At room temperature, 24 ionic liquids had viscosities lower than 90 cP, and the viscosities of IM2­(1o2)­2TFSA and IM1­(1o2)­2TFSA were 50.3 and 53.3 cP

Fourier transform-based u-shaped network for single image motion deblrring

Image deblurring is one of the fundamental tasks in image processing tasks, which can provide the necessary support for advanced tasks such as image recognition. In this paper, we propose a new deblurring model, named Efftformer model, which is specialized in the blurring elimination of motion blur. The model focuses on the recovery of detail information and edge information to provide more effective image information and better basic support for the realization of advanced tasks. In Efftformer model, firstly, we introduce a frequency domain based ReLU residual stream, which allows network to learn blur kernel level information for better restoration of original image. Secondly, we propose a cross-connection channel attention module (CCAM) to explore an effective fusion approach in multiple scales adaptively, which helps decoders to restore original image well by aggregating the semantic information in different scales. Considering the effectiveness of edge information in image recognition tasks, we enhanced the edge information in recovered image by performing a Sobel filter as well as an auxiliary edge loss function. We conducted experiments on different motion blur datasets and compared them with state-of-the-art algorithms. The experimental results show that Efftformer model proposed in this paper achieves comparable even superior performance to the state-of-the-art algorithms.</p

Trimming and ultra-wide bandwidth expansion of silicon frequency comb spectra with self-adaptive boundary waveguides

Dispersion engineering is among the most important steps towards a promising optical frequency comb. We propose a new and general approach to trim frequency combs using a self-adaptive boundary of the optical mode at different wavelengths in a sub-wavelength structured waveguide. The feasibility of ultra-wide bandwidth dispersion engineering comes from the fact that light at different wavelengths automatically self-adapts to slightly different effective spatial spans determined by the effective indices of the mode. Using this self-adaptive variation on the confinement, we open up the window of low-anomalous dispersion in a large wavelength range, and theoretically demonstrate frequency combs with improved bandwidths with respect to the state-of-art in several different waveguide configurations considered, for a matter of illustration, in the silicon photonic platform. This strategy opens up a new design space for trimming the spectrum of frequency combs using high-index-contrast platforms and provides benefit to various versatile nonlinear applications in which the manipulation of energy spacing and phase matching are pivotal

Synthesis, Characterization, and Properties of Ether-Functionalized 1,3-Dialkylimidazolium Ionic Liquids

A family of new ether-functionalized ionic liquids based on 1,3-dialkylimidazolium cation with alkoxymethyl or alkoxyethyl group and TFSA anion were synthesized and characterized. The properties of these ionic liquids, including melting point, thermal stability, density, viscosity, conductivity, and electrochemical window, were determined and compared with those of 3 typical 1,3-dialkylimidazolium ionic liquids without ether group. The effect of ether group on the properties was systematically investigated. All these ionic liquids were liquid at room temperature, and their melting points were lower than −60 °C. It was demonstrated that alkoxyethyl group was favorable to decreasing viscosity of 1,3-dialkylimidazolium ionic liquids, and alkoxymethyl group was not helpful for decreasing viscosity. At room temperature, 6 new ionic liquids had the viscosities lower than 45 cP, and the viscosity of IM2o2-2-TFSA was only 31.3 cP

DataSheet1_Pan-cancer analyses confirmed the cuproptosis-related gene FDX1 as an immunotherapy predictor and prognostic biomarker.ZIP

Background: The latest research identified cuproptosis as an entirely new mechanism of cell death. However, as a key regulator in copper-induced cell death, the prognostic and immunotherapeutic value of FDX1 in pan-cancer remains unclear.Methods: Data from the UCSC Xena, GEPIA, and CPTAC were analyzed to conduct an inquiry into the overall differential expression of FDX1 across multiple cancer types. The expression of FDX1 in GBM, LUAD and HCC cell lines as well as their control cell lines was verified by RT-QPCR. The survival prognosis, clinical features, and genetic changes of FDX1 were also evaluated. Finally, the relationship between FDX1 and immunotherapy response was further explored through Gene Set Enrichment Analysis enrichment analysis, tumor microenvironment, immune cell infiltration, immune gene co-expression and drug sensitivity analysis.Results: The transcription and protein expression of FDX1 were significantly reduced in most cancer types and had prognostic value for the survival of certain cancer patients such as ACC, KIRC, HNSC, THCA and LGG. In some cancer types, FDX1 expression was also markedly correlated with the clinical characteristics, TMB, MSI, and antitumor drug susceptibility or resistance of different tumors. Gene set enrichment analysis showed that FDX1 was significantly associated with immune-related pathways. Moreover, the expression level of FDX1 was confirmed to be strongly correlated with immune cell infiltration, immune checkpoint genes, and immune regulatory genes to a certain extent.Conclusion: This study comprehensively explored the potential value of FDX1 as a prognostic and immunotherapeutic marker for pan-cancer, providing new direction and evidence for cancer therapy.</p

Fabrication of a multifunctional photonic integrated chip on lithium niobate on insulator using femtosecond laser assisted chemo-mechanical polish

We report fabrication of a multifunctional photonic integrated chip on lithium niobate on insulate (LNOI), which is achieved by femtosecond laser assisted chemo-mechanical polish. We demonstrate a high extinction ratio beam splitter, a 1 * 6 optical switch, and a balanced 3 * 3 interferometer on the fabricated chip by reconfiguring the microelectrode array integrated with the multifunctional photonic circuit

Functionalized Ionic Liquids Based on Trialkylimidazolium Cations with Alkoxymethyl Group at the N‑1 Position: Synthesis, Characterization, and Application as Electrolytes for a Lithium Ion Battery

Twenty-four new functionalized ionic liquids (ILs) based on trialkylimidazolium cations with the alkoxymethyl group at the N-1 position were synthesized and characterized. Physicochemical properties of these ILs, such as melting point, thermal stability, density, viscosity, conductivity, and electrochemical stability, were studied systematically. Twenty-one ILs appeared in the liquid state at room temperature, and 14 ILs showed a melting point lower than −60 °C. Introduction of the alkoxymethyl group at the N-1 position of trialkylimidazolium cations could not be more beneficial than that of the alkoxyethyl group for reducing viscosity. Li/LiFePO₄ cells employing three trialkylimidazolium ILs with methoxymethyl-group-based electrolytes showed good discharge capacity and cycle stability at a current rate of 0.1 C. This is the first report of ILs with the alkoxymethyl group used as electrolytes without an additive for a lithium ion battery

Lithium niobate micro-disk resonators of quality factors above 10^7

We report on fabrication of crystalline lithium niobate microresonators with quality factors above 10^7 as measured around 770 nm wavelength. Our technique relies on femtosecond laser micromachining for patterning a mask coated on the lithium niobate on insulate (LNOI) into a microdisk, followed by a chemo-mechanical polishing process for transferring the disk-shaped pattern to the LNOI. Nonlinear processes including second harmonic generation and Raman scattering have been demonstrated in the fabricated microdisk

On-chip integrated waveguide amplifiers on Erbium-doped thin film lithium niobate on insulator

We demonstrate on-chip light amplification with integrated optical waveguide fabricated on erbium-doped thin film lithium niobate on insulator (TFLNOI) using the photolithography assisted chemo-mechanical etching (PLACE) technique. A maximum internal net gain of 18 dB in the small-signal-gain regime is measured at the peak emission wavelength of 1530 nm for a waveguide length of 3.6 cm, indicating a differential gain per unit length of 5 dB/cm. This work paves the way to the monolithic integration of diverse active and passive photonic components on the TFLNOI platform