DataSheet1_Analysis and mapping of lunar wrinkle ridges (LWRs) using automated LWRs detection process with LROC-WAC and LOLA data.docx

Maps of lunar wrinkle ridges (LWRs) were created from 70°N to 70°S and 140°E to 140°W (extracted and highlighted the major LWRs area) using automated LWRs detection process with Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter Camera wide range angle camera and Lunar Orbiter Laser Altimeter data. Automatic detection of LWRs is challenging because the ridges are of irregular shapes and many ridges have been eroded and/or degraded over time. It’s a preliminary study of automated ridge detection from DEM data. Statistics and measurements of the extracted LWRs, including orientation, extent, length, height, and elevation offset, were performed based on the mapping of lunar ridges. The identified ridges were classified based on their orientation, distribution, direction, and each class were further divided over basalts, and nearby highlands. According to the findings, 3,375 segments with a total length of 26,455.01 km were identified, and the average elevation offset, width, and height of all the wrinkle ridges were 40.39 m, 3.47 km, and 0.29 km respectively after weighting by length. The LWRs were divided into three morphologies and distributions: parallel ridges, isolated ridges, and concentric ridges. The vast majority of LWRs were found in basalts area, with an extension into neighboring highland. The relations between the morphological parameters were further quantitatively analyzed, and a similar linear correlation between the width and height was found in each class of lunar ridges, implying that small and large ridges were formed as a continuum and that the three classes of ridges were probably formed by some common processes. Finally, the relations between the lunar wrinkle ridges and other geomorphic phenomena were analyzed, indicating that purely volcanic origin or buried premare structures are difficult to reconcile with the investigation. In addition, the consistency between the occurrence of the lunar wrinkle ridges and the thickness of lunar maria indicates that the formation of lunar wrinkle ridges is closely related to the lunar maria; nevertheless, the statistical NW direction of individual classes of LWRs also proposes the presence of an appropriate stress field during the process of their formation.</p

MOESM1 of 3D inversion of full gravity gradient tensor data in spherical coordinate system using local north-oriented frame

Additional file 1. Length scale in spherical coordinate system

Additional file 1 of Clinical and genetic study of ABCB4 gene-related cholestatic liver disease in China: children and adults

Supplementary Material 1

Quantitative proteomics in A30P*A53T α-synuclein transgenic mice reveals upregulation of Sel1l

<div><p>α-Synuclein is an abundantly expressed neuronal protein that is at the center of focus in understanding a group of neurodegenerative disorders called synucleinopathies, which are characterized by the intracellular presence of aggregated α-synuclein. However, the mechanism of α-synuclein biology in synucleinopathies pathogenesis is not fully understood. In this study, mice overexpressing human A30P*A53T α-synuclein were evaluated by a motor behavior test and count of TH-positive neurons, and then two-dimensional liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry coupled with tandem mass tags (TMTs) labeling was employed to quantitatively identify the differentially expressed proteins of substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) tissue samples that were obtained from the α-synuclein transgenic mice and wild type controls. The number of SNpc dopaminergic neurons and the motor behavior were unchanged in A30P*A53T transgenic mice at the age of 6 months. Of the 4,715 proteins identified by proteomic techniques, 271 were differentially expressed, including 249 upregulated and 22 downregulated proteins. These alterations were primarily associated with mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, ubiquitin-proteasome system impairment, and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. Some obviously changed proteins, which were validated by western blotting and immunofluorescence staining, including Sel1l and Sdhc, may be involved in the α-synuclein pathologies of synucleinopathies. A biological pathway analysis of common related proteins showed that the proteins were linked to a total of 31 KEGG pathways. Our findings suggest that these identified proteins may serve as novel therapeutic targets for synucleinopathies.</p></div

Proteomic process flow chart and standardized sample evaluation.

<p>(A) Depiction of the experimental design workflow. (B) Data reproducibility reflected by Pearson correlation coefficients. (C) Mass error distribution of all identified peptides. (D) Peptide length distribution.</p

Heatmap and the subcellular locations of proteins.

<p>(A) Heatmap of proteins identified as significantly differentially regulated (<i>p</i> < 0.05). (B) Subcellular locations of all identified proteins. (C) Subcellular locations of upregulated proteins. (D) Subcellular locations of downregulated proteins.</p

Behavioral and immunohistochemical analysis of transgenic mice and their wild-type littermates.

<p>(A) RT-PCR was used to verify the mRNA expression of α-synuclein-A30P*A53T transgenic mice (TG) and wild-type littermates (WT). (B) The rotarod test was used to measure TG mice and WT controls at the age of 6 months (n = 15). (C) Grip strength tests were performed in TG mice and WT controls (n = 15). (D and E) Open field tests were performed in TG mice and WT controls (n = 15). (F) Immunostaining of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)-positive neurons of SNpc in TG mice and WT controls. (G) The number of TH-immunoreactive positive neurons in the SNpc was counted stereologically (n = 3).</p