DataSheet_1_Causal relationships between susceptibility and severity of COVID-19 and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) in European population: a bidirectional Mendelian randomized study.docx

BackgroundNeurological disorders can be caused by viral infections. The association between viral infections and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) has been well-documented for a long time, and this connection has recently come to attention with the occurrence of SARS-CoV-2 infection. However, the precise nature of the causal connection between NMOSD and COVID-19 infection remains uncertain.MethodsTo investigate the causal relationship between COVID-19 and NMOSD, we utilized a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) approach. This analysis was based on the most extensive and recent genome-wide association study (GWAS) that included SARS-CoV-2 infection data (122616 cases and 2475240 controls), hospitalized COVID-19 data (32519 cases and 2062805 controls), and data on severe respiratory confirmed COVID-19 cases (13769 cases and 1072442 controls). Additionally, we incorporated a GWAS meta-analysis comprising 132 cases of AQP4-IgG-seropositive NMOSD (NMO-IgG+), 83 cases of AQP4-IgG-seronegative NMOSD (NMO-IgG−), and 1244 controls.ResultsThe findings of our study indicate that the risk of developing NMO-IgG+ is elevated when there is a genetic predisposition to SARS-CoV-2 infection (OR = 5.512, 95% CI = 1.403-21.657, P = 0.014). Furthermore, patients with genetically predicted NMOSD did not exhibit any heightened susceptibility to SARS-CoV2 infection, COVID-19 hospitalization, or severity.Conclusionour study using Mendelian randomization (MR) revealed, for the first time, that the presence of genetically predicted SARS-CoV2 infection was identified as a contributing factor for NMO-IgG+ relapses.</p

Additional file 1: of Enhanced Thermoelectric Performance of c-Axis-Oriented Epitaxial Ba-Doped BiCuSeO Thin Films

Figure S1. The linear dependency of Hall voltage on the external magnetic field. Figure S2. The voltage difference (ΔV) vs. temperature difference (ΔT) plot for the Seebeck coefficient measured at 340 K of the Bi0.975Ba0.025CuSeO thin film. (DOCX 90 kb

MOESM1 of Enhanced Light-Induced Transverse Thermoelectric Effect in Tilted BiCuSeO Film via the Ultra-thin AuNPs Layer

Additional file 1: Figure S1. The temperature dependence of ab-plane (a) resistivity ρab and (b) Seebeck coefficient Sab of untilted BiCuSeO film. Figure S2. (a) SEM surface image of a 20 nm-thick AuNPs layer and (b) Voltage response of AuNPs(20 nm)/BiCuSeO to the 308 nm pulsed light irradiation. For comparison, data of bare BiCuSeO is also provided