When the recipient CHA was unclamped, the vessel began filling and no bleeding was present at the site of anastomosis.

<p>When the recipient CHA was unclamped, the vessel began filling and no bleeding was present at the site of anastomosis.</p

Donor liver was harvested and quickly placed in ice-cold saline.

<p>Preparation of the graft vessels was performed while submerged in saline.</p

Illustrations of potential accidents during the placement of the guiding stitches.

<p>Illustrations of potential accidents during the placement of the guiding stitches.</p

Depiction of the procedure of vessel anastomosis between donor celiac axis and recipient common hepatic(CHA).

<p>The vessel end of the recipient CHA and the donor celiac axis were placed closely to facilitate the anastomosis. (A): The first suture was performed with a length of 10–0 silk from outside to inside of the donor celiac axis and the suture was placed approximately 1 mm beyond the bracket. (B): The suture went transmurally through the anterior edge of the recipient CHA. (C): The donor celiac axis was repierced from inside to outside near the first suture point by the same thread. (D): Finally, the thread was pulled gently to guide the recipient CHA onto the donor celiac axis, and the suture was tied. Fig 3-(1) is diagram illustration showing the 4 steps of anastomosis. Fig 3-(2) shows the 4 steps with real photos of surgical procedure.</p

The tube that served as the bracket was made of polyethylene, and was designed as illustrated.

<p>The tube that served as the bracket was made of polyethylene, and was designed as illustrated.</p

Immunoglobulin G Expression in Lung Cancer and Its Effects on Metastasis

<div><p>Lung cancer is one of the leading malignancies worldwide, but the regulatory mechanism of its growth and metastasis is still poorly understood. We investigated the possible expression of immunoglobulin G (IgG) genes in squamous cell carcinomas and adenocarcinomas of the lung and related cancer cell lines. Abundant mRNA of IgG and essential enzymes for IgG synthesis, recombination activation genes 1, 2 (RAG1, 2) and activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID) were detected in the cancer cells but not in adjacent normal lung tissue or normal lung epithelial cell line. The extents of IgG expression in 86 lung cancers were found to associate with clinical stage, pathological grade and lymph node metastasis. We found that knockdown of IgG with siRNA resulted in decreases of cellular proliferation, migration and attachment for cultured lung cancer cells. Metastasis-associated gene 1 (MTA1) appeared to be co-expressed with IgG in lung cancer cells. Statistical analysis showed that the rate of IgG expression was significantly correlated to that of MTA1 and to lymph node metastases. Inhibition of MTA1 gene expression with siRNA also led to decreases of cellular migration and attachment for cultured lung cancer cells. These evidences suggested that inhibition of cancer migration and attachment induced by IgG down-regulation might be achieved through MTA1 regulatory pathway. Our findings suggest that lung cancer-produced IgG is likely to play an important role in cancer growth and metastasis with significant clinical implications.</p></div

IgG expression in lung cancer tissue with IHC and ISH.

<p>Colocalization of the IgG mRNA and protein in LSCC and LAC tissue samples demonstrated with ISH and IHC. <b>A–C</b>, Igγ immunostaining (<b>A</b>, red) and mRNA signals (<b>B</b>, purple, with antisense probe) are positive on serial sections of a LSCC. <b>C</b> is a negative control with sense probe. <b>D–F</b>, Igγ immunostaining (<b>D</b>, red) and mRNA signals (<b>E</b>, purple, with antisense probe) are positive on serial sections of a LAC. <b>F</b> is negative with sense probe. <b>G–I</b>, Tonsil tissues are used as a positive control. <b>G</b> is for Igγ with IHC showing positive lymphocytes. <b>H</b> is for the antisense probe with ISH showing positive lymphocytes. <b>I</b> is with sense probe in ISH showing no positive signal. <b>J–L</b>, Igγ protein (<b>J</b>) and mRNA (<b>K</b>, the antisense probe) are not expressed in normal epithelial cells adjacent to tumor mass. <b>L</b> is the sense probe. Black arrowheads point to the same cancer cells on serial sections. Black arrows point to positive lymphocytes.</p

The sequencing results of IgG mRNA extracted from LSCC and LAC.

<p><b>A</b> is for the sequences of Vγ, <b>B</b> is for Vκ, and <b>C</b> is for Vλ.</p

IgG down-regulation inhibits cell migration by wound healing assay in lung cancer cells.

<p>Forty-eight hours after scratching the cultured cells, scratched areas were photographed. The results show that for the untreated and siRNA-scrambled groups, the wound area is markedly narrowed in A549 and SK-MES-1 but not in Beas2B.</p

Receptors for Igγ were not expressed on the cellular membrane of lung cancer cells.

<p>CD16 (Fcγ receptor III) is shown in LSCC (<b>A</b>) and LAC (<b>E</b>) tissues. CD32 (Fcγ receptor II) is displayed in LSCC (<b>B</b>) and LAC (<b>F</b>) tissues. CD64 (Fcγ receptor I) is shown in LSCC (<b>C</b>) and LAC (<b>G</b>) tissues. FcRn (neonatal Fcγ receptor) is shown in LSCC (<b>D</b>) and LAC (<b>H</b>) tissues. In those sections, positive signals are only expressed in the cytoplasm and membrane of lymphocytes, while no positive signals are found in cancer cells. CD16 (<b>I</b>), CD32 (<b>J</b>), CD64 (<b>K</b>) and FcRn (<b>L</b>) are expressed in biopsied human tonsil tissues as positive controls. Bar: 20 µm.</p