Circulating Adiponectin and Risk of Endometrial Cancer

<div><p>Background</p><p>Adiponectin is an insulin-sensitizing hormone produced by adipocytes. It has been suggested to be involved in endometrial tumorigenesis. Published data have shown inconsistent results for the association between circulating adiponectin levels and endometrial cancer. In this study, we conducted a meta-analysis to evaluate the predictive value of circulating adiponectin levels on the development of endometrial cancer.</p><p>Methods</p><p>PubMed, Embase, ISI web of knowledge, and Cochrane databases were searched for all eligible studies, and the summary relative risk (SRR) was calculated. Additionally, we performed dose-response analysis with eight eligible studies.</p><p>Results</p><p>A total of 1,955 cases and 3,458 controls from 12 studies were included. The SRR for the ‘highest’ vs ‘lowest’ adiponectin levels indicated high adiponectin level reduced the risk of endometrial cancer [SRR = 0.40, 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.33–0.66]. Results from the subgroup analyses were consistent with the overall analysis. The SRR for each 1 µg/ml increase of adiponectin indicated a 3% reduction in endometrial cancer risk (95% CI: 2%–4%), and a 14% reduction for each increase of 5 µg/ml (95% CI: 9%–19%). No evidence of publication bias was found.</p><p>Conclusions</p><p>This meta-analysis demonstrates that low level of circulating adiponectin is a risk factor for endometrial cancer.</p></div

Forest plot of the ‘highest’ vs the ‘lowest’ category of circulating adiponectin and endometrial cancer risk.

<p>RR, relative risk; CI, confidence interval.</p

Characteristics of studies included in the meta-analysis.

<p>RR, relative risk; CI, confidence interval; DR, dose-response; HB, hospital-based; NA, not applicable; RIA, radioimmunoassay; BMI, body mass index; pre, premenopause; post, postmenopause; HRT, hormone replacement therapy; PB, population-based; ELISA, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; EPIC, European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition cohort study; NHS, Nurses’ Health Study; FIT, the Fracture Intervention Trial; HOMA-IR, the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance; QUICKI, quantitative insulin sensitivity check index; PLCO, Prostate, Lung, Colorectal and Ovarian cancer screening trial.</p><p>Characteristics of studies included in the meta-analysis.</p

Phase Relationships in the BaO–Ga₂O₃–Ta₂O₅ System and the Structure of Ba₆Ga₂₁TaO₄₀

Phase relationships in the BaO–Ga₂O₃–Ta₂O₅ ternary system at 1200 °C were determined. The A₆B₁₀O₃₀ tetragonal tungsten bronze (TTB) related solution in the BaO–Ta₂O₅ subsystem dissolved up to ∼11 mol % Ga₂O₃, forming a ternary trapezoid-shaped TTB-related solid solution region defined by the BaTa₂O₆, Ba_1.1Ta₅O_13.6, Ba_1.58Ga_0.92Ta_4.08O_13.16, and Ba₆GaTa₉O₃₀ compositions in the BaO–Ga₂O₃–Ta₂O₅ system. Two ternary phases Ba₆Ga₂₁TaO₄₀ and eight-layer twinned hexagonal perovskite solid solution Ba₈Ga_4–<i>x</i>Ta_{4+0.6<i>x</i>}O₂₄ were confirmed in the BaO–Ga₂O₃–Ta₂O₅ system. Ba₆Ga₂₁TaO₄₀ crystallized in a monoclinic cell of <i>a</i> = 15.9130(2) Å, <i>b</i> = 11.7309(1) Å, <i>c</i> = 5.13593(6) Å, β = 107.7893(9)°, and <i>Z</i> = 1 in space group <i>C</i>2/<i>m</i>. The structure of Ba₆Ga₂₁TaO₄₀ was solved by the charge flipping method, and it represents a three-dimensional (3D) mixed GaO₄ tetrahedral and GaO₆/TaO₆ octahedral framework, forming mixed 1D 5/6-fold tunnels that accommodate the Ba cations along the <i>c</i> axis. The electrical property of Ba₆Ga₂₁TaO₄₀ was characterized by using ac impedance spectroscopy

Phase Relationships in the BaO–Ga₂O₃–Ta₂O₅ System and the Structure of Ba₆Ga₂₁TaO₄₀

Phase relationships in the BaO–Ga₂O₃–Ta₂O₅ ternary system at 1200 °C were determined. The A₆B₁₀O₃₀ tetragonal tungsten bronze (TTB) related solution in the BaO–Ta₂O₅ subsystem dissolved up to ∼11 mol % Ga₂O₃, forming a ternary trapezoid-shaped TTB-related solid solution region defined by the BaTa₂O₆, Ba_1.1Ta₅O_13.6, Ba_1.58Ga_0.92Ta_4.08O_13.16, and Ba₆GaTa₉O₃₀ compositions in the BaO–Ga₂O₃–Ta₂O₅ system. Two ternary phases Ba₆Ga₂₁TaO₄₀ and eight-layer twinned hexagonal perovskite solid solution Ba₈Ga_4–<i>x</i>Ta_{4+0.6<i>x</i>}O₂₄ were confirmed in the BaO–Ga₂O₃–Ta₂O₅ system. Ba₆Ga₂₁TaO₄₀ crystallized in a monoclinic cell of <i>a</i> = 15.9130(2) Å, <i>b</i> = 11.7309(1) Å, <i>c</i> = 5.13593(6) Å, β = 107.7893(9)°, and <i>Z</i> = 1 in space group <i>C</i>2/<i>m</i>. The structure of Ba₆Ga₂₁TaO₄₀ was solved by the charge flipping method, and it represents a three-dimensional (3D) mixed GaO₄ tetrahedral and GaO₆/TaO₆ octahedral framework, forming mixed 1D 5/6-fold tunnels that accommodate the Ba cations along the <i>c</i> axis. The electrical property of Ba₆Ga₂₁TaO₄₀ was characterized by using ac impedance spectroscopy

Forest plot of <i>MAP3K1</i> rs16886165 polymorphism and breast cancer risk.

<p>Fixed-effect model was used for the analysis (allele contrast model G vs. T).</p

Begg's funnel plot of <i>MAP3K1</i> rs16886165 polymorphism and breast cancer risk.

<p>Begg's funnel plot of <i>MAP3K1</i> rs16886165 polymorphism and breast cancer risk.</p

Flowchart of the study selection process.

<p>Flowchart of the study selection process.</p

Characteristics of studies included in this meta-analysis.

<p>NA: not available; PB, Population-based; HB, Hospital-based; Nested, nested case-control study; HWE, Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium.</p

Forest plot of <i>MAP3K1</i> rs889312 polymorphism and breast cancer risk stratified by ER status.

<p>Fixed-effect model was used for the analysis (allele contrast model C vs. A).</p