Schematic illustration of the experimental procedure and the stimuli examples.

Each trial presented a single stimulus. In a session, a standard stimulus (neutral face) was presented in 70% of the trials, while stimuli (happy or anger faces of diverse intensities) in each deviant condition were presented in 10% of the trials.</p

Averaged ERPs for high self-esteem (left) and low self-esteem (right) participants during the 100%, 70%, and 40% face conditions in the negative session.

Averaged ERPs for high self-esteem (left) and low self-esteem (right) participants during the 100%, 70%, and 40% face conditions in the negative session.</p

Averaged ERPs for high self-esteem (left) and low self-esteem (right) participants during the 100%, 70%, and 40% face conditions in the positive session.

Averaged ERPs for high self-esteem (left) and low self-esteem (right) participants during the 100%, 70%, and 40% face conditions in the positive session.</p

Ultrafast yet Controllable Dual-Responsive All-Carbon Actuators for Implementing Unusual Mechanical Movements

Synthetic soft actuators with the integration of fast response speed, large-scale displacement, and precise control over deformation direction are highly demanded for implementing agile and precise mechanical movements in smart robots, artificial muscles, and biomimetic devices. In this work, ultrafast yet controllable all-carbon actuators are created based on graphene oxide and oriented carbon nanotubes. This all-carbon actuator shows humidity- and near infrared light-induced actuation with unprecedented performance integration, including ultrafast response (0.08 s), ultralarge deformation (angle change per length 70 °/mm), on-demand control over deformation direction (directional bending and chiral twisting), and high reversibility (no detectable fatigue after 10 000 cycles). Impressively, the remarkable actuation performances allow the all-carbon actuator to implement diverse unusual movements, including light-triggered jumping vertically at a speed of 250 mm/s, rolling horizontally at a speed of 12 mm/s, throwing an object at a speed of 505 mm/s, arresting a high-speed object (335 mm/s), as well as humidity-triggered lifting of an object instantly (0.34 s)

Ultrafast yet Controllable Dual-Responsive All-Carbon Actuators for Implementing Unusual Mechanical Movements

Synthetic soft actuators with the integration of fast response speed, large-scale displacement, and precise control over deformation direction are highly demanded for implementing agile and precise mechanical movements in smart robots, artificial muscles, and biomimetic devices. In this work, ultrafast yet controllable all-carbon actuators are created based on graphene oxide and oriented carbon nanotubes. This all-carbon actuator shows humidity- and near infrared light-induced actuation with unprecedented performance integration, including ultrafast response (0.08 s), ultralarge deformation (angle change per length 70 °/mm), on-demand control over deformation direction (directional bending and chiral twisting), and high reversibility (no detectable fatigue after 10 000 cycles). Impressively, the remarkable actuation performances allow the all-carbon actuator to implement diverse unusual movements, including light-triggered jumping vertically at a speed of 250 mm/s, rolling horizontally at a speed of 12 mm/s, throwing an object at a speed of 505 mm/s, arresting a high-speed object (335 mm/s), as well as humidity-triggered lifting of an object instantly (0.34 s)

Ultrafast yet Controllable Dual-Responsive All-Carbon Actuators for Implementing Unusual Mechanical Movements

Synthetic soft actuators with the integration of fast response speed, large-scale displacement, and precise control over deformation direction are highly demanded for implementing agile and precise mechanical movements in smart robots, artificial muscles, and biomimetic devices. In this work, ultrafast yet controllable all-carbon actuators are created based on graphene oxide and oriented carbon nanotubes. This all-carbon actuator shows humidity- and near infrared light-induced actuation with unprecedented performance integration, including ultrafast response (0.08 s), ultralarge deformation (angle change per length 70 °/mm), on-demand control over deformation direction (directional bending and chiral twisting), and high reversibility (no detectable fatigue after 10 000 cycles). Impressively, the remarkable actuation performances allow the all-carbon actuator to implement diverse unusual movements, including light-triggered jumping vertically at a speed of 250 mm/s, rolling horizontally at a speed of 12 mm/s, throwing an object at a speed of 505 mm/s, arresting a high-speed object (335 mm/s), as well as humidity-triggered lifting of an object instantly (0.34 s)

Descriptive statistics for response times and standard deviation for each condition in the positive and negative sessions.

Descriptive statistics for response times and standard deviation for each condition in the positive and negative sessions.</p

Self-esteem modulates the ERP processing of emotional intensity in happy and angry faces - Fig 4

(Top) Topographical maps of the amplitudes difference between 100% and 70% happy faces (across 300–500 ms) in high and low self-esteem participants. (Bottom) Topographical maps of the amplitudes difference between 100% and 40% anger faces (across 300–500 ms), and between 70% and 40% anger faces (across 300–500 ms) in high and low self-esteem participants.</p

Ultrafast yet Controllable Dual-Responsive All-Carbon Actuators for Implementing Unusual Mechanical Movements

Synthetic soft actuators with the integration of fast response speed, large-scale displacement, and precise control over deformation direction are highly demanded for implementing agile and precise mechanical movements in smart robots, artificial muscles, and biomimetic devices. In this work, ultrafast yet controllable all-carbon actuators are created based on graphene oxide and oriented carbon nanotubes. This all-carbon actuator shows humidity- and near infrared light-induced actuation with unprecedented performance integration, including ultrafast response (0.08 s), ultralarge deformation (angle change per length 70 °/mm), on-demand control over deformation direction (directional bending and chiral twisting), and high reversibility (no detectable fatigue after 10 000 cycles). Impressively, the remarkable actuation performances allow the all-carbon actuator to implement diverse unusual movements, including light-triggered jumping vertically at a speed of 250 mm/s, rolling horizontally at a speed of 12 mm/s, throwing an object at a speed of 505 mm/s, arresting a high-speed object (335 mm/s), as well as humidity-triggered lifting of an object instantly (0.34 s)