Association of the Ephreceptor Tyrosinekinase-Type A2 (<i>EPHA2</i>) Gene Polymorphism rs3754334 with Age-Related Cataract Risk: A Meta-Analysis

<div><p>Background</p><p>Recent clinical studies have assessed the association of various polymorphisms on the ephreceptor tyrosinekinase-type A2 (<i>EPHA2</i>) with the risk for age-related cataract in populations of different ethnic/racial backgrounds, but inconsistent results have been obtained.</p><p>Objective</p><p>This meta-analysis aimed to identify if any polymorphism(s) might be commonly present in different ethnic/racial populations in association with the age-related cataract risk.</p><p>Methods</p><p>The PubMed and Web of Science databases (up to December 1, 2012) were searched for clinical studies on the association of <i>EPHA2</i> polymorphisms with the risk for age-related cataract. The polymorphisms that were assessed in all eligible studies were analyzed for their association with the risk for age-related cataract using different models.</p><p>Results</p><p>Three studies were identified, which were conducted, respectively, on white Americans in the Unites States and on Asians in Indian and China. The polymorphism, rs3754334, was the only one studied in all these three studies and was therefore the focus of this meta-analysis. No publication bias or heterogeneity was found. Our analysis results demonstrated that rs3754334 was associated with the risk of any cataracts in the recessive (OR = 1.202, 95% CI: 1.051–1.375, P = 0.007) and Codominant (OR = 1.194, 95% CI: 1.035–1.378, P = 0.015) models, but its association with cortical or nuclear phenotype of age-related cataract was not evident.</p><p>Conclusion</p><p>Polymorphism, rs3754334, might be a variant on the <i>EPHA2</i> gene that is commonly associated with the risk for age-related cataract in different ethnical and geographical populations.</p></div

The median survival time and influence factors of newly diagnosed pancreatic cancer cases of Shanghai residency during 2004–2009.

*<p>median and 95% CI was estimated using Kaplan Meier curve by each variable individually.</p>**<p>Hazard Ratio and 95% CI was estimated using multiple Cox regression model adjusted by surgical resection, age group, sex, site of tumor, TNM grade and stage.</p

ORs and CIs for the polymorphism rs3754334 calculated based on different genetic models.

<p>Codominant (Het vs. Common Hom); Codominant (Rare Hom vs. Common Hom); Dominant (Rare Hom + Het vs. Common Hom); and <b>Recessive</b> (Rare Hom vs. Het + Common Hom). Het: heterozygous (CT); Common Hom: common homozygous (CC); Rare Hom: rare homozygous (TT); Ph: P value of the heterogeneity Q test.</p

The incidence rate of pancreatic cancer of Shanghai residency during 2004–2009 (1/100,000).

<p>The incidence rate of pancreatic cancer of Shanghai residency during 2004–2009 (1/100,000).</p

the survival rate of pancreatic cancer patients among Shanghai residency underwent surgical resection, Shanghai Cancer Registry 2004–2009.

<p>Age <60: 1-year survival rate 54.8%, 3-year survival rate 19.8%, 5-year survival rate 13.9%, Age <70: 1-year survival rate 42.3%, 3-year survival rate 11.2%, 5-year survival rate 6.7%, Age>70: 1-year survival rate 40.8%, 3-year survival rate 12.3%, 5-year survival rate 6.2%.</p

A forest plot, showing the relative strength of the association between rs3754334 with different types of cataract in the three studies in the recessive model.

<p>A forest plot, showing the relative strength of the association between rs3754334 with different types of cataract in the three studies in the recessive model.</p

The incidence rate of pancreatic cancer of Shanghai residency during 2004–2009 (1/100,000).

*<p>Standardized by international age structure.</p

Summary of the three individual studies included in this meta-analysis with regard to the polymorphism, rs3754334, on the <i>EPHA2</i> gene in patients with age-related cataract and control subjects.

<p>MAF: minor allele frequency.</p

Gender and age specific scores of sleep quality components measured by the Chinese version of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index.

<p>Mean differences analyzed with t tests or ANOVA; proportional differences analyzed with Pearson Chi-squared test or Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel Chi-squared test.</p><p>M, mean; SD, standard deviation.</p><p>☆Scores range from 0 to 3; higher scores indicate poor subjective sleep quality.</p>*<p>Habitual sleep efficiency was derived from the formula: hours of sleep/(get-up time - usual bedtime) *100%.</p><p>★Derived from Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) items 5b–5j; scores range from 0 to 3; higher scores indicate more sleep disturbances.</p><p>▾Derived from PSQI items 7–8; scores range from 0 to 3; higher scores indicate more daytime dysfunction.</p

Socio-demographic characteristics and clinical disorders between good sleeper and poor sleeper.

<p>Notes: BMI = Body Mess Index; MMSE = Mini-mental State Examination; CESD =  Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale; ZSAS =  Zung Self-Rating Anxiety Scale.</p