Development of a triaxial and six-directional controllable electromagnetic impact test device

Rock and rock structures are often subjected to multi-axial and multi-directional dynamic disturbances in addition to 3D static in situ stresses. Therefore, understanding the dynamic responses and behaviors of rock subject to multi-axial and multi-directional dynamic disturbances is essential for safety and reliability of rock engineering. In light of this, it is proposed to develop a triaxial and six-directional controllable electromagnetic impact test device in this paper, which is capable of providing a cutting-edge testing platform for investigating rock dynamic behaviors with the consideration of the coupled effects of 3D dynamic disturbances with the strain rate order of 101 -104 s-1 and 3D static in situ stresses. The design, principle, function, and data interpretation, acquisition and analysis means and techniques are introduced in details. The technical challenges during development of the device, i.e., stress wave generation with high precision and repeatability, synchronous generation of multiple stress waves from different directions with high precision and static triaxial confining pressure loading system, are analyzed, and corresponding solutions are put forward. The establishment of the triaxial and six-directional controllable electromagnetic impact test device will promote the laboratory testing of rock and other materials in multiple dynamic loading conditions, and facilitate the development of the 3D dynamic theories and application in major engineering construction and operation.This supplementary video is supplied for better understanding of the design, principle, function, data acquisition and some potential applications of the Device</div

Additional file 2 of Diversification of plant SUPPRESSOR OF MAX2 1 (SMAX1)-like genes and genome-wide identification and characterization of cotton SMXL gene family

Additional file 2: Fig. S1. Multi nucleotide sequence alignment of GhSMXL genes. Fig. S2. Chromosomal distributions of SMXL genes in Gossypium spp. Fig. S3. Collinearity analysis of G. barbadense (At and Dt) orthologs in the genomes G. raimondii, G. arboreum, and G. herbaceum. Fig. S4. Expression characteristics of nine GhSMXL genes in 13 tissues determined using qRT-PCR. Fig. S5. Plant heights of the GhSMAX1-1 and GhSMAX1-2 silenced plants. Fig. S6. Information of cis-acting elements of GhSMXL genes

An Experimental Study of Volumetric Fracturing and Mechanical Properties of Resin-Based Artificial Rock under Dynamic Compression

Four supplementary videos taken by the HSCs are also supplied for better understanding 3D internal crack growth under dynamic compression. Notably, all of the videos are played at three frames per second. ESM_Video 1. Crack growth and fracturing process of sample with single 3D internal flaw in SHPB test shot on side face ESM_Video 2. Crack growth and fracturing process of sample with single 3D internal flaw in SHPB test shot on front face ESM_Video 3. Crack growth and fracturing process of sample with two 3D internal flaws in SHPB test shot on side face ESM_Video 4. Crack growth and fracturing process of sample with two 3D internal flaws in SHPB test shot on front face</p

Additional file 1 of Diversification of plant SUPPRESSOR OF MAX2 1 (SMAX1)-like genes and genome-wide identification and characterization of cotton SMXL gene family

Additional file 1: Supplementary table S1. Identification of SMXL gene family members from 21 plants. Supplementary table S2. Information of SMXL gene family in cotton (Gossypium sp.). Supplementary table S3. Amino acid sequences of motif 1-15 of GhSMXL proteins. Supplementary table S4. Information of the homologus·SMXL proteins in cotton (Gossypium sp.). Supplementary table S5. Syntenic SMXL gene pairs between allotetraploid and diploid cottons. Supplementary table S6. Analysis of network of SMXL6, 7-1, and 7-2 proteins in G.hirsutum and G.arboreum. Supplementary table S7. Information of the cotton database versions and websites used in this study. Supplementary table S8. Primer sequence information used in this study

DataSheet_1_Comparative transcriptome analysis reveals the adaptive mechanisms of halophyte Suaeda dendroides encountering high saline environment.pdf

Suaeda dendroides, a succulent euhalophyte of the Chenopodiaceae family, intermittently spread around northern Xinjiang, China, has the ability to grow and develop in saline and alkali environments. The objective of this study was therefore to investigate the underlying molecular mechanisms of S. dendroides response to high salt conditions. 27 sequencing libraries prepared from low salt (200 mM NaCl) and high salt (800 mM NaCl) treated plants at 5 different stages were sequenced using Illumina Hiseq 2000. A total of 133,107 unigenes were obtained, of which 4,758 were DEGs. The number of DEGs in the high salt group (3,189) was more than the low salt treatment group (733) compared with the control. GO and KEGG analysis of the DEGs at different time points of the high salt treatment group showed that the genes related to cell wall biosynthesis and modification, plant hormone signal transduction, ion homeostasis, organic osmolyte accumulation, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) detoxification were significantly expressed, which indicated that these could be the main mechanisms of S. dendroides acclimate to high salt stress. The study provides a new perspective for understanding the molecular mechanisms of halophytes adapting to high salinity. It also provides a basis for future investigations of key salt-responsive genes in S. dendroides.</p

Table_1_Comparative transcriptome analysis reveals the adaptive mechanisms of halophyte Suaeda dendroides encountering high saline environment.xlsx

Suaeda dendroides, a succulent euhalophyte of the Chenopodiaceae family, intermittently spread around northern Xinjiang, China, has the ability to grow and develop in saline and alkali environments. The objective of this study was therefore to investigate the underlying molecular mechanisms of S. dendroides response to high salt conditions. 27 sequencing libraries prepared from low salt (200 mM NaCl) and high salt (800 mM NaCl) treated plants at 5 different stages were sequenced using Illumina Hiseq 2000. A total of 133,107 unigenes were obtained, of which 4,758 were DEGs. The number of DEGs in the high salt group (3,189) was more than the low salt treatment group (733) compared with the control. GO and KEGG analysis of the DEGs at different time points of the high salt treatment group showed that the genes related to cell wall biosynthesis and modification, plant hormone signal transduction, ion homeostasis, organic osmolyte accumulation, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) detoxification were significantly expressed, which indicated that these could be the main mechanisms of S. dendroides acclimate to high salt stress. The study provides a new perspective for understanding the molecular mechanisms of halophytes adapting to high salinity. It also provides a basis for future investigations of key salt-responsive genes in S. dendroides.</p

Table_1_Evolutionary Game Analysis of Construction Workers' Unsafe Behaviors Based on Incentive and Punishment Mechanisms.docx

Construction is one of the most dangerous industries because of its open working environment and risky construction conditions. In the process of construction, risk events cause great losses for owners and workers. Most of the risk events are closely related to unsafe behaviors of workers. Therefore, it is of great significance for contractors to establish management measures, e.g., incentive and punishment mechanism, to induce workers to reduce unsafe behaviors. This paper aims to take the incentive and punishment mechanism into consideration and develop an evolutionary game model to improve the effectiveness of safety management. The evolutionary stability strategies which can help reduce unsafe behaviors are obtained and analyzed. Results show that there are 12 equilibrium strategies under the condition of different parameters. Specifically, the incentive and punishment mechanism has played an important role for the evolution direction. A balanced incentive and punishment mechanism for the investment and positive stimulus for workers can effectively promote both sides to take positive behaviors, and then realize good evolutionary stable situations. In addition, the initial perceptions of both sides have a decisive impact on the evolution direction. Strengthening communication with the mutual trust between both sides can improve safety performance of both sides. This study is valuable for contractors to design appropriate incentive and punishment measures and establish relevant strategies to promote safe behaviors of construction workers.</p

Activities of antioxidant enzymes and contents of ROS in wild-type and <i>SiDHN</i>-expressing transgenic tomato plant lines (OE-2, OE-5, and OE-8) under cold stress determined at 48 h after the treatment.

(A) APX activity. (B) CAT activity. (C) POX activity. (D) SOD activity. (E) H2O2 content. (F) O2- content. Data are means ± SD of three replicates. Asterisk(s) indicate significant difference between the wild-type and transgenic plants: * represents P < 0.05 and ** represents P < 0.01.</p

Relative expression of <i>SiDHN</i> gene in <i>Saussurea involucrata</i> under cold and drought stress.

(A) Expression under cold treatment at 4°C for 0, 1, 3, 6, 9, 12, 24, and 48 h. (B) Expression under cold treatment at 0°C for 0, 1, 3, 6, 9, 12, 24 and 48 h. (C) Expression under drought stress for 0, 1, 3, 6, 9, 12, 24 and 48 h. (D) Expression in different plant tissues under cold stress. The values are means from 3 repeated experiments.</p

Data_Sheet_1_Cloning and function analysis of a Saussurea involucrata LEA4 gene.docx

Late embryogenesis abundant proteins (LEA) help adapt to adverse low-temperature environments. The Saussurea involucrate SiLEA4, which encodes a membrane protein, was significantly up-regulated in response to low temperature stress. Escherichia coli expressing SiLEA4 showed enhanced low-temperature tolerance, as evident from the significantly higher survival numbers and growth rates at low temperatures. Moreover, tomato strains expressing SiLEA4 had significantly greater freezing resistance, due to a significant increase in the antioxidase activities and proline content. Furthermore, they had higher yields due to higher water utilization and photosynthetic efficiency under the same water and fertilizer conditions. Thus, expressing SiLEA4 has multiple advantages: (1) mitigating chilling injury, (2) increasing yields, and (3) water-saving, which also indicates the great potential of the SiLEA4 for breeding applications.</p