Effect of Garlic Juice on Quality Changes of Oyster (Crassostrea Belcheri) Meat During Chilled Storage

Surat-thani oyster, a big and thin-shell bivalve mollusks, has been registered as Geographical Indicators, GI, as its good taste and delicacy as well as nutritious. Eaten style is raw then there is high risk to face with some disease as oyster is filter feeder. Physical, chemical, microbiological and sensory qualities after the oyster meat treated with the garlic juice at 0, 2 and 3 ml, respectively were monitored. Though initial pH of the control, untreated with garlic juice, was higher compared with the sample treated with 3 ml garlic juice, pH of it (control) was significantly lower (p5) at the end of the storag

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<p>Scale worms in the family Polynoidae are common inhabitants of both shallow-water and deep-sea ecosystems, but their diversity in the deep-sea remains poorly known. In the West Pacific, only 10 polynoid species have been described from deep-sea chemosynthetic ecosystems including hydrothermal vents and methane seeps. Here, we described two new species of polynoids based on specimens collected from hydrothermal vents in the Okinawa Trough. Levensteiniella undomarginata sp. nov. is distinguished from other congeners by having elytra with a wave-shaped edge, and that males possess two pairs of nephridial papillae. Branchinotogluma elytropapillata sp. nov. differs from other congeners by having papillae on the elytral edge, and by having a single pair of nephridial papillae and five pairs of C-shaped lamellae in males. Furthermore, we redescribed Lepidonotopodium okinawae (Sui and Li, 2017) and Branchinotogluma japonicus Miura and Hashimoto, 1991, because the original description of the former species did not cover males and that of the latter did not cover females. Sequencing of the cytochrome oxidase I (COI) gene in these four species confirmed the sexual dimorphism in vent polynoids for the first time, and provided reliable barcoding sequences for identifying these polychaetes.</p

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<p>Scale worms in the family Polynoidae are common inhabitants of both shallow-water and deep-sea ecosystems, but their diversity in the deep-sea remains poorly known. In the West Pacific, only 10 polynoid species have been described from deep-sea chemosynthetic ecosystems including hydrothermal vents and methane seeps. Here, we described two new species of polynoids based on specimens collected from hydrothermal vents in the Okinawa Trough. Levensteiniella undomarginata sp. nov. is distinguished from other congeners by having elytra with a wave-shaped edge, and that males possess two pairs of nephridial papillae. Branchinotogluma elytropapillata sp. nov. differs from other congeners by having papillae on the elytral edge, and by having a single pair of nephridial papillae and five pairs of C-shaped lamellae in males. Furthermore, we redescribed Lepidonotopodium okinawae (Sui and Li, 2017) and Branchinotogluma japonicus Miura and Hashimoto, 1991, because the original description of the former species did not cover males and that of the latter did not cover females. Sequencing of the cytochrome oxidase I (COI) gene in these four species confirmed the sexual dimorphism in vent polynoids for the first time, and provided reliable barcoding sequences for identifying these polychaetes.</p

The mitochondrial genome of the deep-sea glass sponge <i>Lophophysema eversa</i> (Porifera, Hexacinellida, Hyalonematidae)

<div><p></p><p>We reported a nearly complete mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) from the glass sponge <i>Lophophysema eversa</i>, the second mitogenome in the order Amphidiscosida and the ninth in the class Hexactinellida. It is 20,651 base pairs in length and contains 39 genes including 13 protein-coding genes, 2 ribosomal RNA subunit genes and 24 tRNA genes. The gene content and order of <i>L. eversa</i> are identical to those of <i>Tabachnickia</i> sp., the other species with a sequenced mitogenome in Amphidiscosida, except with two additional tRNAs and three tRNA translocations. The <i>cob</i> gene has a +1 translational frameshift. These results will contribute to a better understanding of the phylogeny of glass sponges.</p></div

The mitochondrial genome of the deep-sea snail <i>Provanna</i> sp. (Gastropoda: Provannidae)

<p>The genomic DNA of two <i>Provanna</i> sp. individuals was extracted, sequenced using an Illumina HiSeq1500, and the mitogenome was assembled. The nearly complete metogenome was 16,183 bp in length, consisting of 37 typical metazoan mitochondrial genes with the typical caenogastropod mitochondrial gene order. All mitochondrial genes were encoded on the heavy strand with the exception of eight transfer RNA genes. To reconstruct the phylogenetic position of the deep-sea Provannidae, we used amino acid sequences of all the 13 mitochondrial protein-coding genes in Bayesian inference, maximum likelihood, and maximum parsimony analyses with sequences of selected gastropods. The resultant phylogenetic trees supported the placement of Provannidae in the superfamily Abyssochrysoidea of the clade Littorinimorpha of Gastropoda, providing new data for understanding the phylogeny of these deep-sea snails.</p

DataSheet_1_Diversity of coral-associated pit crabs (Crustacea: Decapoda: Cryptochiridae) from Hong Kong, with description of two new species of Lithoscaptus A. Milne-Edwards, 1862.docx

Highly specialized cryptochirid crabs are obligate symbionts of scleractinian corals in tropical and subtropical seas. General morphologies of cryptochirid crabs remain poorly described due to their small size and difficulties in collection; thus, the current inventory is probably an underestimation. In the present study, we sampled cryptochirid crabs from coral communities in Hong Kong. In the literature, only Cryptochirus hongkongensis (now Neotroglocarcinus hongkongensis) with unknown hosts had been recorded in Hong Kong since 1936. In addition to morphological examination, identification in the present study is further supported by sequence divergence of mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase I (COI) and 16S ribosomal DNA markers. Six operative taxonomic units (OTUs), representing four species and one species complex with two species, were revealed among our material: Cryptochirus coralliodytes, Lithoscaptus paradoxus, Lithoscaptus doughnut sp. nov., Lithoscaptus scottae sp. nov., and Xynomaia sheni species complex. Morphological description of these species is provided, including description of the two new pseudocryptic species. The hosts of the genus Lithoscaptus belong largely to the Merulinidae, while L. doughnut sp. nov. inhabits the Plesiastreidae.</p

Table_1_A new species of the genus Catillopecten (Bivalvia: Pectinoidea: Propeamussiidae): morphology, mitochondrial genome, and phylogenetic relationship.xls

Catillopecten is a small genus of deep-sea glass scallops, but its diversity is poorly known in many parts of the world ocean. We described C. margaritatus n. sp. (Pectinoidea: Propeamussiidae), and performed morphological analyses and DNA sequencing, and estimated the divergence time of scallops based on samples collected from Haima cold seep in the South China Sea. Morphologically, the new species can be distinguished from congeneric species by its large shell size, relatively small auricle length, absence of without monocrystal aerials, presence of longitudinal radial ridges on the left valve, and the alternated rounded striae and distal and proximal growth lines of prisms on the right valve. Anatomically, this new species can be distinguished from C. vulcani by its anteriorly located auriculate gills, compared to the centrally located lamellar gills of the latter, and the different locations of the pericardium. Sequence comparison and phylogenetic analysis based on the 18S rRNA fragments supported the placement of the new species in Catillopecten. We also report the mitogenome of C. margaritatus n. sp. as the only reported mitogenome of the family Propeamussiidae, which differs from those of other scallops substantially in gene order arrangement. Divergence time estimation revealed that Propeamussiidae and Pectinidae diverged in the early Carboniferous, while Catillopecten and Parvamussium diverged during the late Cretaceous to early Eocene. Finally, we presented a key to the species of Catillopecten.</p

Data_Sheet_2_The Morphology, Mitogenome, Phylogenetic Position, and Symbiotic Bacteria of a New Species of Sclerolinum (Annelida: Siboglinidae) in the South China Sea.xlsx

Sclerolinum annulatus n. sp. (Annelida: Siboglinidae) is described based on specimens collected from soft sediment of the Haima cold seep in the South China Sea. Morphologically, S. annulatus n. sp. is distinct in having a tube with transverse rings and a forepart (i.e., anterior region) containing one arched row of elongated plaques on both sides of the dorsal furrow. Genome skimming, assembly, and annotation produced a nearly complete mitogenome of S. annulatus n. sp. with 15,553 bp nucleotides that encodes 13 protein-coding genes, two rRNA, and 22 tRNA. Phylogenetic analyses based on the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase I (cox1) gene and a concatenated dataset comprising the mitochondrial cox1 and 16S rRNA genes along with the nuclear 18S rRNA gene both strongly support the placement of S. annulatus n. sp. in the genus SclerolinumSouthward, 1961. Based on cox1, S. annulatus n. sp. is most closely related to an undescribed siboglinid from off Kushiro in Japan (“Pogonophora” sp. Kushiro-SK-2003). Transmission electron microscopy, microbial 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing, phylogenetic reconstruction, and stable isotope analyses together indicate that S. annulatus n. sp. hosts a single phylotype of sulfur-oxidizing endosymbionts.</p

Data_Sheet_1_The Morphology, Mitogenome, Phylogenetic Position, and Symbiotic Bacteria of a New Species of Sclerolinum (Annelida: Siboglinidae) in the South China Sea.pdf

Sclerolinum annulatus n. sp. (Annelida: Siboglinidae) is described based on specimens collected from soft sediment of the Haima cold seep in the South China Sea. Morphologically, S. annulatus n. sp. is distinct in having a tube with transverse rings and a forepart (i.e., anterior region) containing one arched row of elongated plaques on both sides of the dorsal furrow. Genome skimming, assembly, and annotation produced a nearly complete mitogenome of S. annulatus n. sp. with 15,553 bp nucleotides that encodes 13 protein-coding genes, two rRNA, and 22 tRNA. Phylogenetic analyses based on the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase I (cox1) gene and a concatenated dataset comprising the mitochondrial cox1 and 16S rRNA genes along with the nuclear 18S rRNA gene both strongly support the placement of S. annulatus n. sp. in the genus SclerolinumSouthward, 1961. Based on cox1, S. annulatus n. sp. is most closely related to an undescribed siboglinid from off Kushiro in Japan (“Pogonophora” sp. Kushiro-SK-2003). Transmission electron microscopy, microbial 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing, phylogenetic reconstruction, and stable isotope analyses together indicate that S. annulatus n. sp. hosts a single phylotype of sulfur-oxidizing endosymbionts.</p

Additional file 1: of De novo transcriptome assembly and positive selection analysis of an individual deep-sea fish

Table S1. Codon usage among Aldrovandia affinis, Astyanax mexicanus, Gadus morhua and Xiphophorus maculatus. Table S2. A complete list of positively selected genes in Aldrovandia affinis. Figure S1. Statistics of assembly contigs length. (DOCX 68 kb