Solvation-Free Fabrication of PEO/LiTFSI/SiO₂ Composite Electrolyte Membranes with High Ionic Conductivity Based on a Novel Elongational Flow Field

Poly­(ethylene oxide) (PEO)-based composite electrolyte membranes, which silica (SiO2) and lithium bis­(trifluoromethylsulf)­imide (LiTFSI) were introduced into, were successfully prepared by a self-developed eccentric rotor mixer based on an elongational flow field. Characterization results of electrolyte membranes showed that the eccentric rotor mixer can realize the uniform dispersion of LiTFSI in all electrolyte membranes. This produced a high ionic conductivity of the electrolyte membrane. Among all as-prepared membranes, the ionic conductivity of PEO5 exhibited the highest value of 2.96 × 10–4 S·cm–1 at room temperature due to reaching an extremely uniform dispersion of SiO2. After 90 charge–discharge cycles, the Coulomb efficiency of the LPF/PEO5/Li was still close to 100%, and the discharge specific capacity weakly decreased, revealing an extremely good electrochemical performance of PEO5. Therefore, the eccentric rotor mixer provides an effective strategy for facilitating the development of high-efficiency all-solid-state lithium-ion batteries

DataSheet_1_The function of BoTCP25 in the regulation of leaf development of Chinese kale.zip

XG Chinese kale (Brassica oleracea cv. ‘XiangGu’) is a variety of Chinese kale and has metamorphic leaves attached to the true leaves. Metamorphic leaves are secondary leaves emerging from the veins of true leaves. However, it remains unknown how the formation of metamorphic leaves is regulated and whether it differs from normal leaves. BoTCP25 is differentially expressed in different parts of XG leaves and respond to auxin signals. To clarify the function of BoTCP25 in XG Chinese kale leaves, we overexpressed BoTCP25 in XG and Arabidopsis, and interestingly, its overexpression caused Chinese kale leaves to curl and changed the location of metamorphic leaves, whereas heterologous expression of BoTCP25 in Arabidopsis did not show metamorphic leaves, but only an increase in leaf number and leaf area. Further analysis of the expression of related genes in Chinese kale and Arabidopsis overexpressing BoTCP25 revealed that BoTCP25 could directly bind the promoter of BoNGA3, a transcription factor related to leaf development, and induce a significant expression of BoNGA3 in transgenic Chinese kale plants, whereas this induction of NGA3 did not occur in transgenic Arabidopsis. This suggests that the regulation of Chinese kale metamorphic leaves by BoTCP25 is dependent on a regulatory pathway or elements specific to XG and that this regulatory element may be repressed or absent from Arabidopsis. In addition, the expression of miR319’s precursor, a negative regulator of BoTCP25, also differed in transgenic Chinese kale and Arabidopsis. miR319’s transcrips were significantly up-regulated in transgenic Chinese kale mature leaves, while in transgenic Arabidopsis, the expression of miR319 in mature leaves was kept low. In conclusion, the differential expression of BoNGA3 and miR319 in the two species may be related to the exertion of BoTCP25 function, thus partially contributing to the differences in leaf phenotypes between overexpressed BoTCP25 in Arabidopsis and Chinese kale.</p

Image_1_Integration of Small RNA and Transcriptome Sequencing Reveal the Roles of miR395 and ATP Sulfurylase in Developing Seeds of Chinese Kale.tif

Seed development is closely related to plant production and reproduction, and MicroRNAs (miRNA) is widely involved in plant development including seed development. Chinese kale, as a Brassicaceae vegetable, mainly depends on seed for proper reproduction. In the present study, Chinese kale seed and silique at different stages were selected to establish small RNA (sRNA) libraries including silique wall sRNA libraries at torpedo-embryo stage (PC), silique wall sRNA libraries at cotyledonary-embryo stage (PD), seed sRNA libraries at torpedo-embryo stage (SC), and seed sRNA libraries at cotyledonary-embryo stage (SD). The results showed that miRNA expressed differentially in the seeds and corresponding siliques at different stages. To further clarify the functional mode of miRNA in the process of seed development, Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis was performed on target genes of the differentially expressed miRNAs, and these target genes were mainly enriched in plant hormone signal transduction, primary and secondary metabolic pathways. After joint analysis with the transcriptome change of the corresponding period, miR156-SPL10/SPL11, miR395-APS3, and miR397-LAC2/LAC11 modules were identified to be directly involved in the development of Chinese kale seeds. What’s more, modified 5′RLM-RACE and Agrobacteria-mediated Chinese kale transient transformation suggest miR395b_2 is involved in sulfur metabolism during seed development by regulating its target gene APS3.</p