DataSheet1_Does Tranexamic Acid Reduce the Blood Loss in Various Surgeries? An Umbrella Review of State-of-the-Art Meta-Analysis.docx

Background: Tranexamic acid (TXA) has been applied in various types of surgery for hemostasis purposes. The efficacy and safety of TXA are still controversial in different surgeries. Guidelines for clinical application of TXA are needed.Materials and method: We systematically searched multiple medical databases for meta-analyses examining the efficacy and safety of TXA. Types of surgery included joint replacement surgery, other orthopedic surgeries, cardiac surgery, cerebral surgery, etc. Outcomes were blood loss, blood transfusion, adverse events, re-operation rate, operative time and length of hospital stay, hemoglobin (Hb) level, and coagulation function. Assessing the methodological quality of systematic reviews 2 (AMSTAR 2) and Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) were used for quality assessment of the included meta-analyses. Overlapping reviews were evaluated by calculating the corrected covered area (CCA).Result: In all, we identified 47 meta-analyses, of which 44 of them were of “high” quality. A total of 319 outcomes were evaluated, in which 58 outcomes were assessed as “high” quality. TXA demonstrates significant hemostatic effects in various surgeries, with lower rates of blood transfusion and re-operation, shorter operative time and length of stay, and higher Hb levels. Besides, TXA does not increase the risk of death and vascular adverse events, but it is a risk factor for seizure (a neurological event) in cardiac surgery.Conclusion: Our study demonstrates that TXA has a general hemostatic effect with very few adverse events, which indicates TXA is the recommended medication to prevent excessive bleeding and reduce the blood transfusion rate. We also recommend different dosages of TXA for different types of adult surgery. However, we could not recommend a unified dosage for different surgeries due to the heterogeneity of the experimental design.Systematic Review Registration:clinicaltrials.gov/, identifier CRD42021240303</p

Data_Sheet_1_Dissection of Pleiotropic QTL Regions Controlling Wheat Spike Characteristics Under Different Nitrogen Treatments Using Traditional and Conditional QTL Mapping.xlsx

Optimal spike characteristics are critical in improving the sink capacity and yield potential of wheat even in harsh environments. However, the genetic basis of their response to nitrogen deficiency is still unclear. In this study, quantitative trait loci (QTL) for six spike-related traits, including heading date (HD), spike length (SL), spikelet number (SN), spike compactness (SC), fertile spikelet number (FSN), and sterile spikelet number (SSN), were detected under two different nitrogen (N) supplies, based on a high-density genetic linkage map constructed by PCR markers, DArTs, and Affymetrix Wheat 660 K SNP chips. A total of 157 traditional QTLand 54 conditional loci were detected by inclusive composite interval mapping, among which three completely low N-stress induced QTL for SN and FSN (qSn-1A.1, qFsn-1B, and qFsn-7D) were found to maintain the desired spikelet fertility and kernel numbers even under N deficiency through pyramiding elite alleles. Twenty-eight stable QTL showing significant differencet in QTL detection model were found and seven genomic regions (R2D, R4A, R4B, R5A, R7A, R7B, and R7D) clustered by these stable QTL were highlighted. Among them, the effect of R4B on controlling spike characteristics might be contributed from Rht-B1. R7A harboring three major stable QTL (qSn-7A.2, qSc-7A, and qFsn-7A.3) might be one of the valuable candidate regions for further genetic improvement. In addition, the R7A was found to show syntenic with R7B, indicating the possibly exsting homoeologous candidate genes in both regions. The SNP markers involved with the above highlighted regions will eventually facilitate positional cloning or marker-assisted selection for the optimal spike characteristics under various N input conditions.</p