Chemically Engineered Graphene-Based 2D Organic Molecular Magnet

Carbon-based magnetic materials and structures of mesoscopic dimensions may offer unique opportunities for future nanomagnetoelectronic/spintronic devices. To achieve their potential, carbon nanosystems must have controllable magnetic properties. We demonstrate that nitrophenyl functionalized graphene can act as a room-temperature 2D magnet. We report a comprehensive study of low-temperature magnetotransport, vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM), and superconducting quantum interference (SQUID) measurements before and after radical functionalization. Following nitrophenyl (NP) functionalization, epitaxially grown graphene systems can become organic molecular magnets with ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic ordering that persists at temperatures above 400 K. The field-dependent, surface magnetoelectric properties were studied using scanning probe microscopy (SPM) techniques. The results indicate that the NP-functionalization orientation and degree of coverage directly affect the magnetic properties of the graphene surface. In addition, graphene-based organic magnetic nanostructures were found to demonstrate a pronounced magneto-optical Kerr effect (MOKE). The results were consistent across different characterization techniques and indicate room-temperature magnetic ordering along preferred graphene orientations in the NP-functionalized samples. Chemically isolated graphene nanoribbons (CINs) were observed along the preferred functionality directions. These results pave the way for future magnetoelectronic/spintronic applications based on promising concepts such as current-induced magnetization switching, magnetoelectricity, half-metallicity, and quantum tunneling of magnetization

Electric pulses of a Parkinson's patient after the invasive DBS treatment.

<p>Typical electric pulsed sequences triggered in the four regions of the brain under study of a patient suffering from Parkinson's Disease after a treatment by the invasive DBS procedure with electric signals.</p

Illustration of the deep brain stimulation approach.

<p>Illustration of the deep brain stimulation approach.</p

Electric pulses in the brain of a patient with Parkinson's Disease.

<p>Typical electric pulsed sequences triggered in the four regions of the brain under study of a patient suffering from Parkinson's Disease before the treatment by the ME nanoparticles. Typical electric pulsed sequences triggered in the four regions of the brain under study of a patient suffering from Parkinson's Disease before the treatment by the ME nanoparticles.</p

Electric pulses of a Parkinson's patient after the non-invasive ME-nanoparticle treatment.

<p>Electric pulsed sequences triggered in the four regions of the brain under study of a patient suffering from Parkinson's Disease after the treatment with the ME nanoparticles at the optimized values of the nanoparticle concentration (of 3×10 ⁶ particles/cc in aqueous solution) and the stimulation frequency (of 80 Hz).</p

Electric pulses in the brain of a healthy person.

<p>Typical electric pulsed sequences triggered in the four regions of the brain under study of a healthy person under normal conditions.</p

An array of vertically aligned CNTs with various magnetic materials deposited inside individual tubes.

<p>The magnetic anisotropy is shape-induced.</p

SEM images of (A) a vertically aligned CNT array and (B) a cross sectional image of an aligned CNT.

<p>(C) An energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) of the composition of a vertically aligned CNT array. (The bottom left shows the targeted region for EDS pattern.).</p

Magnetic moment (m) versus the applied field (H) hysteresis loops (A) along and (B) perpendicular to the plane directions at room temperature before subtracting diamagnetic background effects (originating from the substrates).

<p>(C) In-plane and (D) out-of-plane m-H loops for a range of temperature from 10 to 300 K after subtracting the diamagnetic background, (E) Room temperature m-H loops with out-of-plane and in-plane orientation, and (F) m-H loops from two directions before normalizing the magnetic moments. All the saturation values are above the value of the bulk fcc Co material [166 emu/g or 175 emu/g]. <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0040554#pone.0040554-Nishikawa1" target="_blank">[27]</a>–<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0040554#pone.0040554-Chen1" target="_blank">[29]</a></p

Table S3 from Stratifin Inhibits SCF^FBW7 Formation and Blocks Ubiquitination of Oncoproteins during the Course of Lung Adenocarcinogenesis

Table S3</p