唾液腺ト過敏症トノ關係

<p>Photographs of a separable cluster electrode (Octopus^®, STARmed) composed of three internally-cooled electrodes that can be incorporated as (A) one cluster electrode with a large shaft, or separated as (B) three individual applicators with small handles.</p

PET/MRI

PET/MR

Comparison of Nodule Detection Rates on PET and PET/MR Images during the first (without post-contrast VIBE) and second sessions (with post-contrast VIBE).

<p>Note.—Data in parentheses are the raw data used to calculate percentages. Data in brackets are 95% confidence intervals.</p><p>Comparison of Nodule Detection Rates on PET and PET/MR Images during the first (without post-contrast VIBE) and second sessions (with post-contrast VIBE).</p

An example of the FDG-avid nodule on PET/MR images (67-year-old man with lung cancer).

<p>The primary lung cancer lesion (arrow) is seen on CT image (A), pre-contrast VIBE (B) and post-contrast VIBE (C) images. This nodule (arrow) is also well-delineated as an FDG-avid nodule in the left upper lobe on PET (D) and fused PET/MR images (E).</p

An example of the invisible nodule on PET/MR images (57-year-old man with pancreatic cancer).

<p>A tiny nodule (3 mm) is identified (arrow) in the right middle lobe on the CT image (A). This lesion is not visible on pre-contrast VIBE (B) and post-contrast VIBE (C) images. None of the readers were able to identify this nodule during the first and second sessions. This lesion is not visible on PET (D) images due to non-FDG-avidity.</p

An example of the non-FDG-avid nodule on PET/MR images (68-year-old man with lung cancer).

<p>On CT image (A), a tiny nodule (3 mm) is identified (arrow) in the right upper lobe. This lesion is also visible on pre-contrast VIBE (B) and post-contrast VIBE (C) images. Both readers identified this nodule during both the first and second sessions. However, this lesion is not visible on PET (D) images due to non-FDG-avidity.</p

Comparison of FOMs on PET/MR Images during the first (without post-contrast VIBE) and second sessions (with post-contrast VIBE).

<p>Note.—Data in parentheses are 95% confidence intervals. P values were calculated with Jackknife alternative free-response receiver-operating characteristic to compare figures of merit (FOM) on PET/MR images during the first and second sessions.</p><p>Comparison of FOMs on PET/MR Images during the first (without post-contrast VIBE) and second sessions (with post-contrast VIBE).</p

Comparison of switching bipolar ablation with multiple cooled wet electrodes and switching monopolar ablation with separable clustered electrode in treatment of small hepatocellular carcinoma: A randomized controlled trial

<div><p>Objective</p><p>A randomized controlled trial was conducted to prospectively compare the therapeutic effectiveness of switching bipolar (SB) radiofrequency ablation (RFA) using cooled-wet electrodes and switching monopolar (SM) RFA using separable clustered (SC) electrodes in patients with hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs).</p><p>Materials and methods</p><p>This prospective study was approved by our Institutional Review Board. Between April 2014 and January 2015, sixty-nine patients with 74 HCCs were randomly treated with RFA using either internally cooled-wet (ICW) electrodes in SB mode (SB-RFA, n = 36) or SC electrodes in SM mode (SM-RFA, n = 38). Technical parameters including the number of ablations, ablation time, volume, energy delivery, and complications were evaluated. Thereafter, 1-year and 2-year local tumor progression (LTP) free survival rates were compared between the two groups using the Kaplan-Meier method.</p><p>Results</p><p>In the SB-RFA group, less number of ablations were required (1.72±0.70 vs. 2.31±1.37, <i>P</i> = 0.039), the ablation time was shorter (10.9±3.9 vs.14.3±5.0 min, <i>p</i> = 0.004), and energy delivery was smaller (13.1±6.3 vs.23.4±12.8 kcal, <i>p</i><0.001) compared to SM-RFA. Ablation volume was not significantly different between SB-RFA and SM-RFA groups (61.8±24.3 vs.54.9±23.7 cm³, <i>p</i> = 0.229). Technical failure occurred in one patient in the SM-RFA group, and major complications occurred in one patient in each group. The 1-year and 2-year LTP free survival rates were 93.9% and 84.3% in the SB-RFA group and 94.4% and 88.4% in the SM-RFA group (<i>p</i> = 0.687).</p><p>Conclusion</p><p>Both SB-RFA using ICW electrodes and SM-RFA using SC electrodes provided comparable LTP free survival rates although SB-RFA required less ablations and shorter ablation time.</p></div

Liver fibrosis staging with a new 2D-shear wave elastography using comb-push technique: Applicability, reproducibility, and diagnostic performance

<div><p>Objective</p><p>To evaluate the applicability, reproducibility, and diagnostic performance of a new 2D-shear wave elastography (SWE) using the comb-push technique (2D CP-SWE) for detection of hepatic fibrosis, using histopathology as the reference standard.</p><p>Materials and methods</p><p>This prospective study was approved by the institutional review board, and informed consent was obtained from all patients. The liver stiffness (LS) measurements were obtained from 140 patients, using the new 2D-SWE, which uses comb-push excitation to produce shear waves and a time-aligned sequential tracking method to detect shear wave signals. The applicability rate of 2D CP-SWE was estimated, and factors associated with its applicability were identified. Intraobserver reproducibility was evaluated in the 105 patients with histopathologic diagnosis, and interobserver reproducibility was assessed in 20 patients. Diagnostic performance of the 2D CP-SWE for hepatic fibrosis was evaluated by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis.</p><p>Results</p><p>The applicability rate of 2D CP-SWE was 90.8% (109 of 120). There was a significant difference in age, presence or absence of ascites, and the distance from the transducer to the Glisson capsule between the patients with applicable LS measurements and patients with unreliable measurement or technical failure. The intraclass correlation of interobserver agreement was 0.87, and the value for the intraobserver agreement was 0.95. The area under the ROC curve of LS values for stage F2 fibrosis or greater, stage F3 or greater, and stage F4 fibrosis was 0.874 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.794–0.930), 0.905 (95% CI: 0.832–0.954), and 0.894 (95% CI: 0.819–0.946), respectively.</p><p>Conclusion</p><p>2D CP-SWE can be employed as a reliable method for assessing hepatic fibrosis with a reasonably good diagnostic performance, and its applicability might be influenced by age, ascites, and the distance between the transducer and Glisson capsule.</p></div

No-touch radiofrequency ablation using multiple electrodes: An in vivo comparison study of switching monopolar versus switching bipolar modes in porcine livers - Fig 6

<p>(a) Photograph shows the whitish area of the gall bladder suggesting thermal injury (arrow). (b) (c) Corresponding gall bladder specimen and adjacent liver parenchyma with hematoxylin and eosin staining (H&E) show thermal injury to the mucosa. Mucosal and submucosal damage are evident. Lymphatic dilatation of subserosa is noted in (b) (circle) (x12.5). The mucosal epithelium is replaced by dense fibrosis in (c) (arrow) (x100). (d) Photograph shows the H&E stained gall bladder specimen without thermal injury (x100).</p