3 research outputs found
Glycosylated Benzoxazinoids Are Degraded during Fermentation of Wheat Bran
Benzoxazinoids are plant secondary
metabolites found in whole grain
cereal foods including bread. They are bioavailable and metabolized
in humans, and therefore their potential bioactivity is of interest.
However, effects of food processing on their content and structure
are not yet studied. This study reports effects of bioprocessing on
wheat bran benzoxazinoid content. Benzoxazinoid glycosides were completely
degraded during fermentation, whereas metabolites of benzoxazinoid
aglycones were formed. Fermentation conditions did not affect the
conversion process, as both yeast and yeast/lactic acid bacteria mediated
fermentations had generally similar impacts. Likewise, enzymatic treatment
of the bioprocess samples did not affect the conversion, suggesting
that these compounds most likely are freely bioavailable from the
grain matrix and not linked to the cell wall polymers. Additionally,
the results show that benzoxazinoids undergo structural conversion
during the fermentation process, resulting in several unknown compounds
that contribute to the phytochemical intake and necessitate further
analysis
Impact of Wheat Aleurone Structure on Metabolic Disorders Caused by a High-Fat Diet in Mice
The
present study investigated the potential of native and structurally
modified wheat aleurone, by dry-grinding or enzymatic treatments,
to counteract metabolic disorders in mice with diet-induced obesity
(DIO). C57BL6/J mice were first fed ad libitum with a high-fat diet
for 9 weeks to induce obesity, after which the native or treated aleurone
fractions were added (13% (w/w)) in the high-fat diets for an additional
8 weeks. The effects of the aleurone-enriched diets were evaluated
by assessing body weight gain, adiposity, fasting blood glucose, plasma
insulin and leptin, and anti-inflammatory and oxidative stress markers.
Enrichment of the diet with native or finely ground aleurone did not
improve any parameter analyzed; finely ground aleurone even slightly
increased (<i>p</i> = 0.03) body weight gain. Enrichment
of the diet with enzymatically treated aleurone only had a tendency
toward lower body weight gain, visceral adipose tissue accumulation,
fasting plasma insulin, and leptin levels
Comparative Nontargeted Profiling of Metabolic Changes in Tissues and Biofluids in High-Fat Diet-Fed Ossabaw Pig
Typical
clinical biomarker analyses on urine and plasma samples
from human dietary interventions do not provide adequate information
about diet-induced metabolic changes taking place in tissues. The
aim of this study was to show how a large-scale nontargeted metabolomic
approach can be used to reveal metabolite groups for generating new
hypotheses of obesity-related metabolic disturbances produced in an
animal model. A large spectrum of metabolites in the semipolar region,
including small water-soluble molecules like betaine and dihydroxyindole,
and a wide range of bile acids as well as various lipid species were
detected. The high-fat diet influenced metabolic homeostasis of Ossabaw
pigs, especially the lipid metabolome, throughout all the analyzed
sample types, including plasma, urine, bile, liver, pancreas, brain
cortex, intestinal jejunum and proximal colon. However, even dramatic
metabolic changes in tissues were not necessarily observed in plasma
and urine. Metabolite profiling involving multiple sample types was
shown to be a feasible method for the examination of a wide spectrum
of metabolic species extending from small water-soluble metabolites
to an array of bile acids and lipids, thus pointing to the pathways
of metabolism affected by the dietary treatment