Examples of histopathology slides.

Hematoxylin and eosin-stained images (10x magnification) in 4 different patients corresponding to those shown in Fig 1 above: (A) steatosis grade S0, (B) steatosis grade S1, (C) steatosis grade S2, and (D) steatosis grade S3. Representative vacuoles of macrovesicular steatosis are indicated by arrows.</p

Importance of each parameter within the multi-parameter combinations appearing in Table 2 for the various dichotomous classification tasks.

The reported importance is represented by the mean decrease in accuracy, where a higher value corresponds to a higher importance. (DOCX)</p

Accuracy of all eleven features obtained with 0.638+ bootstrap method.

All features taken as input to random forests and of the best combination of features for classification of steatosis, inflammation, and fibrosis. The best combination of features depends on the classification task; see Table 2. (DOCX)</p

Coefficients (with 95% confidence intervals in parentheses) of ordinal logistic regressions with the steatosis grade, or the inflammation grade, or the fibrosis stage as responses, and with features appearing in Table 1, as single predictors.

Coefficients (with 95% confidence intervals in parentheses) of ordinal logistic regressions with the steatosis grade, or the inflammation grade, or the fibrosis stage as responses, and with features appearing in Table 1, as single predictors.</p

Characteristics in 82 patients.

Characteristics in 82 patients.</p

Accuracy of shear wave elasticity alone and in combination with quantitative ultrasound (QUS) features for classification of steatosis, inflammation, and fibrosis, based on support vector machine (SVM) models.

The same combinations of parameters as in Table 2 were tested with SVM. The parameter γ of radial basis functions (RBF) was set to the reciprocal of the number of parameters (default value with R package “e1071”); the degree of RBFs was the default value 3; the cost C was varied according to powers of 2 for each combination of parameters and the best resulting AUC-ROC is reported. (DOCX)</p

Accuracy of shear wave elasticity alone and in combination with quantitative ultrasound (QUS) features for classification of steatosis, inflammation, and fibrosis.

Accuracy of shear wave elasticity alone and in combination with quantitative ultrasound (QUS) features for classification of steatosis, inflammation, and fibrosis.</p

Examples of point shear wave elastography (pSWE) measurements.

pSWE measurements in 4 different patients: (A) steatosis grade S0, (B) steatosis grade S1, (C) steatosis grade S2, and (D) steatosis grade S3. Green rectangles indicate regions of interest where measurements are performed.</p

Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves.

ROC curves obtained with elastography (dashed lines) and the combinations of QUS and elasticity features (solid lines) with highest AUC-ROC for the classification of (A) steatosis grade S0 vs. S1-3, S0-1 vs. S2-3, S0-2 vs. S3, (B) inflammation grade A0 vs. A1-3, A0-1 vs. A2-3, A0-2 vs. A3, and (C) fibrosis stage F0 vs. F1-4, F0-1 vs. F2-4, F0-2 vs. F3-4, F0-3 vs. F4. Sensitivity and specificity at optimal Youden index are displayed for each ROC curve.</p

Examples of histopathology-proven steatosis grades.

From left to right with histopathology-proven steatosis grades: 1) 62-year-old man with hepatitis B virus with steatosis grade 0; 2) 62-year-old man with NASH and hepatitis B virus with steatosis grade S1; 3) 38-year-old man with NASH with steatosis grade S2; and 4) 69-year-old woman with NASH with steatosis grade S3. Displayed images: (A) Representative B-mode acquired in the right liver lobe and corresponding QUS parametric maps (zoomed in on ROIs) illustrating (B) reciprocal of scatterer clustering parameter (log scale), (C) coherent-to-diffuse signal ratio, and (D) diffuse-to-total signal power ratio. Yellow indicates higher values, whilst dark blue values indicate lower values. In the table are reported the inflammation grade and the fibrosis stage, as well as the corresponding point shear wave elasticity (pSWE), and local and total attenuation coefficient slopes (ACS).</p