Demographic characteristics of 12 individuals with ADPKD who completed interviews after following a dietary intervention trial.

<p>Demographic characteristics of 12 individuals with ADPKD who completed interviews after following a dietary intervention trial.</p

Sequenced biomarkers used in the SVM-based model.

<p>Given are molecular mass (in Da), normalized migration time (in min), adjusted p-value (Benjamini and Hochberg) and regulation factor (mean signal intensity of ADPKD samples divided by mean signal intensity of control samples) for training- and test set, amino acid sequence (modified amino acids: p = hydroxyproline; k = hydroxylysine; m = oxidized methionine) and parental protein name.</p

Demographic characteristics and numbers of false positive results in controls with other renal and non-renal diseases.

<p>FSGS, focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis; IgAN, IgA nephropathy; MN, membranous nephropathy; MCD, minimal change disease; DNP, diabetic nephropathy; AKI, acute kidney injury; DM, diabetes mellitus; SLE, systemic lupus erythematosus.</p

Clinical characteristics of all CRISP and SUISSE ADPKD study patients included in the proteomic analysis.

<p>eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate according to the MDRD study formula; TKV, total kidney volume. Values are mean ± SD unless otherwise specified.</p

Sensitivity and specificity of the ADPKD biomarker model according to age and genotype subgroup and using three different diagnostic cut off values.

<p>Sensitivity and specificity of the ADPKD biomarker model according to age and genotype subgroup and using three different diagnostic cut off values.</p

Usage of samples and flow of information.

<p>A, Identification and validation of diagnostic biomarkers and biomarker models. 41 cases of ADPKD were compared to 189 healthy controls, which resulted in the definition of 657 potential biomarkers. Of these, 142 were employed in an SVM-driven biomarker model, ADPKD_142. All potential biomarkers and the biomarker model were evaluated in a test set of 310 blinded samples that consisted of 224 samples from patients with ADPKD and 86 healthy controls. The ADPKD_142 model was further validated using additional ADPKD samples from the SUISSE ADPKD study (n = 27) and using controls samples of patients with a variety of different renal and systemic diseases. B, Identification and validation of biomarkers and biomarker model for disease severity. CE-MS data from 135 urine samples from patients with ADPKD were correlated with height adjusted TKV (htTKV), resulting in the identification of 99 potential biomarkers associated with htTKV. Employing linear combination, a biomarker models indicative of disease severity was established. This biomarker model was subsequently tested in a validation set consisting of 153 ADPKD samples.</p

Correlation of the biomarker score with clinical markers of disease severity and progression.

<p>TKV, total kidney volume.</p

Identified 54 biomarkers of the 99 biomarkers that correlated with height adjusted TKV.

<p>Given are molecular mass (in Da), normalized migration time (in min), the Spearman's coefficient of rank correlation and the significance level (p-values). In addition, amino acid sequence (modified amino acids: p = hydroxyproline; k = hydroxylysine; m = oxidized methionine) and parent protein names are given.</p

Compiled urinary protein profiles of ADPKD patients and healthy controls.

<p>Proteomic profiles for the training cohort (41 patients of the SUISSE ADPKD study vs. 189 controls, panel A) and the validation cohort (224 CRISP study samples vs. 86 controls, panel B) are depicted separately. Normalized MS molecular weight (800–20,000 Da) in logarithmic scale is plotted against normalized CE migration time (18–45 min). The mean signal intensity of polypeptides is given as peak height. In the lower panels, only the 142 biomarkers that were included in the diagnostic biomarker model are depicted, and their amplitude is shown with 5× zoom compared to the upper panels.</p

Scatter plots for correlation between classification scores of linear model for disease progression and the height adjusted TKV: Depicted are also the regression line and 95% confidences.

<p>In A training set data are showed and in B test set data.</p