Proteins differentially expressed in the intra-cellular proteomes of controls MSCs and MSCs labeled with M-SPIO particles.

<p>Control MSCs or MSCs labeled with M-SPIO particles were held in culture for 72 hours in Standard Media. The MSCs were subsequently collected, processed and the tryptic peptides were labeled with an isobaric tag for iTRAQ analysis using a Q-Star Elite. The experiment was repeated in triplicate. A total of 3059 proteins were identified. The fold-change values of the proteins which changed by >1.2 and <0.8 and had a p-value<0.05 in one or more experiments have been included. The fold-change values that did not meet these criteria in each experiment are depicted in brackets. A blank space indicates that a relative fold-change was not obtained for the specified protein in that replicate. For each of these proteins, the UniProt identification number, protein name, percentage of protein coverage (and number of unique peptides contributing to the sequence coverage), and fold change between the proteins in the MSCs labeled with M-SPIO particles versus control MSCs, for all replicates, are included.</p

Cytokines secreted by control MSCs and MSCs labeled with M-SPIO particles or nanodiamonds.

<p>Adherent adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) were obtained from a human lipoaspirate sample. The MSCs were cultured to passage 2 in Standard Media consisting of Dulbecco's modified eagle medium, 10% foetal bovine serum and 1% penicillin/streptomycin solution. MSCs were cultured alone or labeled with ∼0.9 µm superparamagnetic iron oxide particles (M-SPIO) or ∼0.25 µm nanodiamonds for 3 days. Conditioned medium was collected and analysed for a panel of 27 human cytokines and growth factors using Bio-Plex technology. The reported values are the average ± standard deviation for each cytokine in pg/mL (n = 3). A two-tailed t-test revealed no significant differences in the levels of any of the cytokines secreted by control and labeled cells in each experiment. N.D. refers to not detected.</p

CD marker characterization of control and labeled adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells.

<p>MSCs were cultured alone or in the presence of superparamagnetic iron oxide particles (M-SPIO) or nanodiamonds for 3 days. Control MSCs (A, D, G, J, M), MSCs labeled with M-SPIO particles (B, E, H, K, N) and MSCs labeled with nanodiamonds (C, F, I, L, O) were subsequently analyzed for their CD marker expression profiles. A comparison of unstained (blue) and stained cells (red) illustrated that control and labeled MSCs were negative for the hematopoietic markers CD34-FITC (A–C) and CD45-FITC (D–F) and positive for the stromal markers CD73-PE (G–I), CD90-FITC (J–L) and CD105-PE (M–O).</p

Proteins differentially expressed in the intra-cellular proteomes of controls MSCs and MSCs labeled with nanodiamonds.

<p>Control adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) or MSCs labeled with nanodiamonds were held in culture for 72 hours in Standard Media. The MSCs were subsequently collected, processed and the tryptic peptides were labeled with an isobaric tag for iTRAQ analysis using a Qstar Elite. The experiment was repeated in triplicate. A total of 3059 proteins were identified. The fold-change values of the proteins which changed by >1.2 and <0.8 and had a p-value<0.05 in one or more experiments have been included. The fold-change values that did not meet these criteria in each experiment are depicted in brackets. For each of these proteins, the UniProt identification number, protein name, percentage of protein coverage (and number of unique peptides contributing to the sequence coverage), and fold change between the proteins in the MSCs labeled with nanodiamonds versus control MSCs, for all replicates, are included.</p

Emission and Nonradiative Decay of Nanodiamond NV Centers in a Low Refractive Index Environment

The nitrogen vacancy (NV) center is the most widely studied single optical defect in diamond with great potential for applications in quantum technologies. Development of practical single-photon devices requires an understanding of the emission under a range of conditions and environments. In this work, we study the properties of a single NV center in nanodiamonds embedded in an air-like silica aerogel environment which provides a new domain for probing the emission behavior of NV centers in nanoscale environments. In this arrangement, the emission rate is governed primarily by the diamond crystal lattice with negligible contribution from the surrounding environment. This is in contrast to the conventional approach of studying nanodiamonds on a glass coverslip. We observe an increase in the mean lifetime due to the absence of a dielectric interface near the emitting dipoles and a distribution arising from the irregularities in the nanodiamond geometry. Our approach results in the estimation of the mean quantum efficiency (∼0.7) of the nanodiamond NV emitters