The social cognition of medical knowledge, with special reference to childhood epilepsy

This paper arose out of an engagement in medical communication courses at a Gulf university. It deploys a theoretical framework derived from a (critical) sociocognitive approach to discourse analysis in order to investigate three aspects of medical discourse relating to childhood epilepsy: the cognitive processes that are entailed in relating different types of medical knowledge to their communicative context; the types of medical knowledge that are constituted in the three different text types analysed; and the relationship between these different types of medical knowledge and the discursive features of each text type. The paper argues that there is a cognitive dimension to the human experience of understanding and talking about one specialized from of medical knowledge. It recommends that texts be studied in medical communication courses not just in terms of their discrete formal features but also critically, in terms of the knowledge which they produce, transmit and reproduce

Plant community, related landscape data and GPS vegetation plot locations

Excel sheet with three tabs. First tab contains the presence absence of 122 grassland species for each of 134 2m x 2m vegetation plots across the fragmented grassland landscape in southern Sweden which acted as study area. The second tab contains the predictor variables used to describe the local and spatial processes associated with habitat fragmentation, calculated for each of the 134 grassland plots. The third and final tab are the exact GPS locations (latitude-longitude) for each of the 134 plots

(Upper graph).

<p>Change in hearing thresholds one year after surgery (as compared to measurements obtained before the operation). The size of each dot corresponds to the number of patients (obtained from the histogram for each frequency; 5 dB bins). Boxes enclose the 95% confidence interval and the horizontal lines give the mean at each frequency. One patient with complete sensorineural hearing loss after surgery is omitted from the plot. (<b>Lower graph</b>). Change in bone-conduction thresholds at 1 year. Dot scaling is identical in both graphs.</p

Hearing thresholds of the placebo group and the N-Acetyl cysteine group (“Treated group”) at baseline.

<p>Thresholds for air-conducted sound (lower set of points) are measured by standard headphones covering the ears; thresholds for bone-conducted sound (top data set) are determined by placing a vibrator on the mastoid process. Bone-conducted sound was not measured at frequencies higher than 4000 Hz as this is not part of normal clinical routine. Rings represent the mean values; vertical lines are 95% confidence intervals for the mean. Hearing was measured at the same set of frequencies in all patients, but a horizontal offset was added when plotting to improve the clarity of presentation.</p

(Upper graph) Change in hearing thresholds 6 weeks after surgery (as compared to measurements before the operation).

<p>Hearing was measured at the same set of frequencies as in <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0115657#pone.0115657.g002" target="_blank">Fig. 2</a>. The size of each dot corresponds to the number of patients, obtained from the histogram for each frequency (5 dB bins) and boxes enclose the 95% confidence interval. Horizontal lines show the mean value at each frequency. One patient with complete sensorineural hearing loss after surgery is omitted from the plot (but included in all statistical analyses). <b>(Lower graph)</b>. Change in bone-conduction thresholds at 6 weeks. The scaling of the dots is the same in both panels.</p

Changes in scores for tinnitus, dizziness, and other variables.

<p>N.S. denotes not significant; OLR, ordered logistic regression.</p><p>* = p < 0.05</p><p>6. Positive changes denote improvement on the 10-grade scale used in <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0115657#pone.0115657.t001" target="_blank">Table 1</a>.</p><p>7. Patients graded the outcome on a 10-grade scale where 10 corresponded to a very good outcome and 0 to a very poor one.</p><p>8. The air-bone gap is the average difference between air conduction thresholds and bone conduction ones at the frequencies 0.5, 1, 2, and 3 kHz. Data are means ± 95% CI.</p><p>Changes in scores for tinnitus, dizziness, and other variables.</p

Demographic characteristics, hearing, and surgical factors in study patients.

<p>N.S. denotes not significant.</p><p>* denotes P<0.05.</p><p>1. Measured with a standard 50-item phonemically balanced word list</p><p>2 Measured with a 10-grade scale where 10 represent the best possible hearing quality. Numbers are medians and ranges.</p><p>3. Measured with a 10-grade scale where 10 represents very disturbing tinnitus or dizziness. Numbers are medians and ranges.</p><p>4 As reported by the surgeon performing the operation.</p><p>5 Reported by physician after examining the patient on the evening after the operation.</p><p>Demographic characteristics, hearing, and surgical factors in study patients.</p

MOESM1 of Biotic and abiotic drivers of intraspecific trait variation within plant populations of three herbaceous plant species along a latitudinal gradient

Additional file 1. Overview of the selected functional traits for the functional diversity analysis. Description, scale, percentage of available data for all species and main data sources are given for each trait

Consort flow diagram.

<p>A common reason for declining trial participation was that long travel distances made patients unwilling to return to the hospital for the 1-year follow-up visit. Otosclerosis is a clinical diagnosis, and 4 patients were found at surgery to have middle ear disorders where stapedotomy is not indicated. One patient in the placebo group was excluded in violation of the protocol because of a fracture of the stapes footplate. A total of 5 patients never received the study drug because their operations were postponed after study drugs had been delivered to the ward (but before drug infusion started).</p

Dataset for De Pauw et al. (2024) Nutrient-demanding and thermophilous plants dominate urban forest edge vegetation across temperate Europe

 Understorey plant community data and statistical code * vegetation matrix * species list with species' characteristics * dataset with vegetation response variables and predictor variables used in mixed models R code scripts * script with mixed models explaining vegetation response variables by urban edge distance, forest structure and interaction *script with mixed models explaining vegetation response variables by PCA predictor variables based on soil conditions and microclimate variables & drivers *script that produces figures with vegetation response predictions in terms of urban edge distance and forest structure</p