Survival analysis in dogs with CTL.

Kaplan-Meier survival analysis of differences in healing time between dogs treated with Glucantime and placebo revealed shorter healing times in dogs treated with Glucantime (P<0.0001, log-rank test).</p

Demographic Features, Clinical Characteristics and Response to Treatment of Dogs with Canine Tegumentary Leishmaniasis in the Groups Treated with Meglumine Antimoniate or with 0.9% NaCl (placebo).

Demographic Features, Clinical Characteristics and Response to Treatment of Dogs with Canine Tegumentary Leishmaniasis in the Groups Treated with Meglumine Antimoniate or with 0.9% NaCl (placebo).</p

Pictures of two animals on days zero, 30, 60, and 90; “the first, A,” from a dog scrotal sac ulcer treated with Glucantime and “B” from a dog with a muzzle lesion treated with saline.

While the dog receiving Glucantime was cured on day 30, the cutaneous lesion remained active until day 90 in the animal treated with placebo.</p

Image_3_MicroRNAs regulating macrophages infected with Leishmania L. (V.) Braziliensis isolated from different clinical forms of American tegumentary leishmaniasis.tif

BackgroundLeishmaniasis is an infectious disease caused by protozoa of the genus Leishmania. There are still no vaccines, and therapeutic options are limited, indicating the constant need to understand the fine mechanisms of its pathophysiology. An approach that has been explored in leishmaniasis is the participation of microRNAs (miRNAs), a class of small non-coding RNAs that act, in most cases, to repress gene expression. miRNAs play a role in the complex and plastic interaction between the host and pathogens, either as part of the host’s immune response to neutralize infection or as a molecular strategy employed by the pathogen to modulate host pathways to its own benefit.MethodsMonocyte-derived macrophages from healthy subjects were infected with isolates of three clinical forms of L. braziliensis: cutaneous (CL), mucosal (ML), and disseminated (DL) leishmaniasis. We compared the expression of miRNAs that take part in the TLR/NFkB pathways. Correlations with parasite load as well as immune parameters were analyzed.ResultsmiRNAs -103a-3p, -21-3p, 125a-3p -155-5p, -146a-5p, -132- 5p, and -147a were differentially expressed in the metastatic ML and DL forms, and there was a direct correlation between miRNAs -103a-3p, -21-3p, -155-5p, -146a-5p, -132-5p, and -9-3p and parasite load with ML and DL isolates. We also found a correlation between the expression of miR-21-3p and miR-146a-5p with the antiapoptotic gene BCL2 and the increase of viable cells, whereas miR-147a was indirectly correlated with CXCL-9 levels.ConclusionThe expression of miRNAs is strongly correlated with the parasite load and the inflammatory response, suggesting the participation of these molecules in the pathogenesis of the different clinical forms of L. braziliensis.</p

Histopathological findings in canine leishmaniasis ulcers.

(A) Dog 1 Ulcer with intense inflammation 4X. (B) Dog 1 Tissue granulation 20X. (C) Dog 5 Intense inflammation, plasma cells 40X. (D) Dog 26 Granuloma 20X. (E) Dog 1 Necrosis 20X. (F) Dog 2 Fibrosis (4X). (G) Dog 1 Amastigotes inside macrophage (arrow) 10X. (H) Dog 1 Amastigotes inside macrophage (arrow) 100X. (I) Dog 2 Fibrosis in blue (same of F) stained by Masson`s Trichrome 4X.</p

Cutaneous and mucosal lesions caused by <i>Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis</i>.

The ulcerated lesions suggestive of ATL were located in the scrotal sac (A and B), muzzle (C and D) and ears (E and F), being, for the most part, single lesions, ulcerated or ulcero-crusted and of chronic evolution.</p

Image_2_MicroRNAs regulating macrophages infected with Leishmania L. (V.) Braziliensis isolated from different clinical forms of American tegumentary leishmaniasis.tif

BackgroundLeishmaniasis is an infectious disease caused by protozoa of the genus Leishmania. There are still no vaccines, and therapeutic options are limited, indicating the constant need to understand the fine mechanisms of its pathophysiology. An approach that has been explored in leishmaniasis is the participation of microRNAs (miRNAs), a class of small non-coding RNAs that act, in most cases, to repress gene expression. miRNAs play a role in the complex and plastic interaction between the host and pathogens, either as part of the host’s immune response to neutralize infection or as a molecular strategy employed by the pathogen to modulate host pathways to its own benefit.MethodsMonocyte-derived macrophages from healthy subjects were infected with isolates of three clinical forms of L. braziliensis: cutaneous (CL), mucosal (ML), and disseminated (DL) leishmaniasis. We compared the expression of miRNAs that take part in the TLR/NFkB pathways. Correlations with parasite load as well as immune parameters were analyzed.ResultsmiRNAs -103a-3p, -21-3p, 125a-3p -155-5p, -146a-5p, -132- 5p, and -147a were differentially expressed in the metastatic ML and DL forms, and there was a direct correlation between miRNAs -103a-3p, -21-3p, -155-5p, -146a-5p, -132-5p, and -9-3p and parasite load with ML and DL isolates. We also found a correlation between the expression of miR-21-3p and miR-146a-5p with the antiapoptotic gene BCL2 and the increase of viable cells, whereas miR-147a was indirectly correlated with CXCL-9 levels.ConclusionThe expression of miRNAs is strongly correlated with the parasite load and the inflammatory response, suggesting the participation of these molecules in the pathogenesis of the different clinical forms of L. braziliensis.</p

Frequency distribution of seven alleles in <i>L</i>. <i>braziliensis</i> locus CHR28/425451 among ATL patients and domestic dogs from Corte de Pedra, Bahia, Northeast Brazil.

Frequency distribution of seven alleles in L. braziliensis locus CHR28/425451 among ATL patients and domestic dogs from Corte de Pedra, Bahia, Northeast Brazil.</p

Image_1_MicroRNAs regulating macrophages infected with Leishmania L. (V.) Braziliensis isolated from different clinical forms of American tegumentary leishmaniasis.tif

BackgroundLeishmaniasis is an infectious disease caused by protozoa of the genus Leishmania. There are still no vaccines, and therapeutic options are limited, indicating the constant need to understand the fine mechanisms of its pathophysiology. An approach that has been explored in leishmaniasis is the participation of microRNAs (miRNAs), a class of small non-coding RNAs that act, in most cases, to repress gene expression. miRNAs play a role in the complex and plastic interaction between the host and pathogens, either as part of the host’s immune response to neutralize infection or as a molecular strategy employed by the pathogen to modulate host pathways to its own benefit.MethodsMonocyte-derived macrophages from healthy subjects were infected with isolates of three clinical forms of L. braziliensis: cutaneous (CL), mucosal (ML), and disseminated (DL) leishmaniasis. We compared the expression of miRNAs that take part in the TLR/NFkB pathways. Correlations with parasite load as well as immune parameters were analyzed.ResultsmiRNAs -103a-3p, -21-3p, 125a-3p -155-5p, -146a-5p, -132- 5p, and -147a were differentially expressed in the metastatic ML and DL forms, and there was a direct correlation between miRNAs -103a-3p, -21-3p, -155-5p, -146a-5p, -132-5p, and -9-3p and parasite load with ML and DL isolates. We also found a correlation between the expression of miR-21-3p and miR-146a-5p with the antiapoptotic gene BCL2 and the increase of viable cells, whereas miR-147a was indirectly correlated with CXCL-9 levels.ConclusionThe expression of miRNAs is strongly correlated with the parasite load and the inflammatory response, suggesting the participation of these molecules in the pathogenesis of the different clinical forms of L. braziliensis.</p

Clinical and demographic features of 61 dogs with ulcerated skin or mucosal lesions in the village of Corte de Pedra.

Clinical and demographic features of 61 dogs with ulcerated skin or mucosal lesions in the village of Corte de Pedra.</p