7 research outputs found

    Approaches to teaching pupils with behavioural, emotional and social difficulties in design and technology

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    The DfES defines pupils with Behavioural, Emotional and Social Difficulties (BESDs) as people who are: ‘Withdrawn or isolated, disruptive and disturbing, hyperactive and lack concentration; those with immature social skills; and those presenting challenging behaviours arising from other complex special needs.’ (DfES 2001: 58). This definition encompasses a very broad range of children with diverse needs. However, there are common approaches that can be used to meet the needs of these children in design and technology (D&T). Traditionally design and technology has been a particularly popular subject for pupils displaying BESDs. There has been little research as to why this should be. This paper explores practice in D&T by making reference to case study material collected from four schools. The case studies were commissioned by the Qualifications and Curriculum Authority (QCA) for dissemination via the NCaction website (a searchable resource for schools that illustrates how the National Curriculum works in practice). The case studies considered activity undertaken by pupils working in resistant materials, food technology and CAD/CAM. The case studies highlighted the use, by teachers of pupils with BESDs, of common approaches including group work, raising self esteem, the use of rewards and challenge, relevance and using IC

    MOESM2 of Cytotoxic Escherichia coli strains encoding colibactin and cytotoxic necrotizing factor (CNF) colonize laboratory macaques

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    Additional file 2: Figure S1. Only treatment with supernatant from the cnf1-encoding novel rhesus macaque isolates (S3, S14) caused cell body enlargement and multi-nucleation. No cytotoxicity was observed after supernatant treatment with the other novel isolates. Images were taken at 20× magnification

    iNOS staining in airways of vagotomized mice.

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    <p><b>A.</b> Increased iNOS staining (brown) in bronchial epithelium of adult mouse treated with immunosuppressive agents (Black arrow). iNOS staining was qualitatively increased in the bronchial epithelium of five of the five drug-treated mice. <b>B.</b> Minimal iNOS staining in airway of adult mouse that was not treated with immunosuppressive agents. Minimal iNOS staining was observed in five of the five mice not treated with immunosuppressive agents. <b>C.</b> No first antibody control.</p

    Mean MCC (±SD) from the right lung between 1–1.5 hours and 6–6.5 hours in 7 C57BL/6 control mice (dark bar) and 8 drug-treated C57BL/6 mice (light bars).

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    <p>There was a trend toward slower clearance in the drug-treated mice, compared to controls, at 1–1.5 hours, but differences in MCC were not statistically significant. Mucociliary clearance was statistically significantly slower in the drug-treated mice, compared to controls, at 6–6.5 hours (p = 0.006).</p

    PAS staining of seromucous cells in tracheal glands of vagotomized mice.

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    <p><b>A.</b> Trachea of mouse treated with immunosuppressive agents. <b>B.</b> Trachea of mouse not treated with immunosuppressive agents. Black arrows point to PAS staining in seromucous cells. Qualitatively, both the drug-treated animals and control mice appeared to have similar PAS staining in the seromucous cells of the tracheal glands.</p

    Representative examples of ciliated epithelial cells in the trachea of control and drug-treated mice.

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    <p>Tissue was evaluated at 100 X and at 40 X magnification for the control (A and B) and drug-treated mice (C and D), respectively. Black arrows point to cilia. Qualitatively, the presence of ciliated epithelial cells in the airways in each of the representive animals is similar.</p
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