Zur Vermittlung expliziter Grammatik im Italienischunterricht

Grammatik ist ein wesentliches Charakteristikum jeder Sprache, weswegen kein Fremdsprachenlehrender und keine Fremdsprachenlehrende daran vorbeikommt. Grundsätzlich wird zwischen „expliziter“ und „impliziter“ Grammatikvermittlung unterschieden, wobei erstere die Bewusstmachung von Regelmäßigkeiten, zweitere den natürlichen Erwerb von Strukturen durch Sprachkontakt und Textarbeit bezeichnet. Die Sinnhaftigkeit von bewusstmachenden Verfahren ist umstritten, da nicht klar ist, ob explizites Wissen internalisiert werden kann, und damit zu einer besseren Sprachanwendung führt, ob es keinen Effekt auf den Spracherwerb hat oder ihm sogar schadet. Unter anderem dieser Frage geht die vorliegende Arbeit in einer Studie, die an zwei Allgemeinbildenden Höheren Schulen und am Romanistischen Institut der Universität Wien durchgeführt wurde, nach. Die Studie, mit einer Stichprobe von 219 Lernenden und 9 Lehrenden, setzt sich aus zwei Teilen, erstens einer Fragebogenerhebung unter SchülerInnen und Studierenden, zweitens einer Untersuchung durch qualitative Interviews mit Lehrenden, zusammen. Die Fragebögen wurden quantitativ ausgewertet, die Interviewauswertung fand mithilfe der qualitativen Inhaltsanalyse nach Mayring statt

Mouse Liver Compensates Loss of Sgpl1 by Secretion of Sphingolipids into Blood and Bile

Sphingosine 1 phosphate (S1P) lyase (Sgpl1) catalyses the irreversible cleavage of S1P and thereby the last step of sphingolipid degradation. Loss of Sgpl1 in humans and mice leads to accumulation of sphingolipids and multiple organ injuries. Here, we addressed the role of hepatocyte Sgpl1 for regulation of sphingolipid homoeostasis by generating mice with hepatocyte-specific deletion of Sgpl1 (Sgpl1HepKO mice). Sgpl1HepKO mice had normal body weight, liver weight, liver structure and liver enzymes both at the age of 8 weeks and 8 months. S1P, sphingosine and ceramides, but not glucosylceramides or sphingomyelin, were elevated by ~1.5–2-fold in liver, and this phenotype did not progress with age. Several ceramides were elevated in plasma, while plasma S1P was normal. Interestingly, S1P and glucosylceramides, but not ceramides, were elevated in bile of Sgpl1HepKO mice. Furthermore, liver cholesterol was elevated, while LDL cholesterol decreased in 8-month-old mice. In agreement, the LDL receptor was upregulated, suggesting enhanced uptake of LDL cholesterol. Expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ, liver X receptor and fatty acid synthase was unaltered. These data show that mouse hepatocytes largely compensate the loss of Sgpl1 by secretion of accumulating sphingolipids in a specific manner into blood and bile, so that they can be excreted or degraded elsewher

Search for dark matter produced in association with bottom or top quarks in √s = 13 TeV pp collisions with the ATLAS detector

A search for weakly interacting massive particle dark matter produced in association with bottom or top quarks is presented. Final states containing third-generation quarks and miss- ing transverse momentum are considered. The analysis uses 36.1 fb−1 of proton–proton collision data recorded by the ATLAS experiment at √s = 13 TeV in 2015 and 2016. No significant excess of events above the estimated backgrounds is observed. The results are in- terpreted in the framework of simplified models of spin-0 dark-matter mediators. For colour- neutral spin-0 mediators produced in association with top quarks and decaying into a pair of dark-matter particles, mediator masses below 50 GeV are excluded assuming a dark-matter candidate mass of 1 GeV and unitary couplings. For scalar and pseudoscalar mediators produced in association with bottom quarks, the search sets limits on the production cross- section of 300 times the predicted rate for mediators with masses between 10 and 50 GeV and assuming a dark-matter mass of 1 GeV and unitary coupling. Constraints on colour- charged scalar simplified models are also presented. Assuming a dark-matter particle mass of 35 GeV, mediator particles with mass below 1.1 TeV are excluded for couplings yielding a dark-matter relic density consistent with measurements

The Pre-Modern Manuscript Trade and its Consequences, ca. 1890-1945

This collection brings together current research into the development of the market for pre-modern manuscripts. Between 1890 and 1945 thousands of manuscripts made in Europe before 1600 appeared on the market. Many entered the collections in which they have remained, shaping where and how we encounter the books today. These collections included libraries that bear their founders’ names, as well as national and regional public libraries. The choices of the super-rich shaped their collections and determined what was available to those with fewer resources. In addition, wealthy collectors sponsored scholarship on their manuscripts and participated in exhibitions, raising the profile of some books. The volume examines the collectors, dealers, and scholars who engaged with pre-modern books, and the cultural context of the manuscript trade in this era