INCIDENCIA DEL DISTEMPER CANINO (DC) EN PERROS MESTIZOS INFESTADOS NATURALMENTE CON LA CEPA VDC SA3 EN EL CANTÓN GUARANDA, PROVINCIA BOLIVAR, ECUADOR

El objetivo de la investigación consistió en determinar la incidencia del Distemper canino en perros mestizos infectados naturalmente con la cepa del Virus del Distemper canino (VDC) SA3 en el cantón Guaranda, provincia Bolívar, Ecuador. Se utilizaron 24 caninos mestizos, de 3 a 8 meses de edad y 2 a 10 kg de peso vivo (PV); divididos en dos grupos de 12, seis machos e igual cantidad de hembras. Un grupo estuvo conformado por animales sanos y el otro por perros afectados por Distemper. La determinación de la edad de los animales, la raza y el diagnóstico clínico del D. canino se realizó por la prueba de PCR. A cada animal en el estudio se le determinó el perfil hematoquímico, también se determinaron las plaquetas, proteínas totales (PT), glucosa, urea, creatinina y ácido úrico. Se emplearon los estadígrafos descriptivos de cada variable y se compararon entre sanos y enfermos. La totalidad de los perros presentó Hipertermia (HT), un síntoma común en el D. canino y la anorexia (AX) estuvo presente en 11 de los perros afectados. Menos frecuentes que los síntomas respiratorios fueron los digestivos. En los animales enfermos disminuyeron significativamente con respecto a los sanos, la hemoglobina, hematocrito, conteo total de eritrocitos, la hemoglobina corpuscular media y el volumen corpuscular medio. Se concluye, que el cuadro clínico en perros mestizos infectados con la cepa SA3 del VDC compromete drásticamente la conservación de especies amenazadas debido a su altísima letalidad

INCIDENCIA CLÍNICO EPIDEMIOLÓGICO DEL DISTEMPER CANINO EN EL CANTÓN GUARANDA, PROVINCIA BOLÍVAR, ECUADOR

El objetivo fue determinar la incidencia clínico epidemiológico del Distemper canino (VDC) en el cantón Guaranda, provincia Bolívar, Ecuador. La investigación se desarrolló en el hospital Veterinario “Caninos y Felinos” de Guaranda, durante el 2013 al 2015. El estudio abarcó una muestra total de 1970 caninos, donde se tuvo en cuenta para el diagnóstico clínico de la enfermedad, la aplicación de las invariantes funcionales de ejecución del método clínico y la prueba rápida. Los datos obtenidos fueron procesados teniendo en cuenta el modelo Box-Jenkins o ARIMA y se realizó la estimación de los valores de los parámetros autorregresivos, media móvil sin estacional, autorregresivo estacional y media móvil estacional. La afección por Distemper canino representó uno de los principales motivos de consulta durante el período 2013-2015. La enfermedad tuvo un comportamiento endémico y estacional, estando presente durante todos los meses de los años evaluados, con marcada estacionalidad en el período de mayo a octubre. Los factores de riesgo asociados al Distemper canino fueron: la no vacunación, la edad, el sexo del canino, el verano, la residencia en zona periurbana y el no confinamiento de los animales. Se concluye, que la incidencia por Distemper canino es un problema de salud en la población de canidos del cantón Guaranda

Effects of antiplatelet therapy on stroke risk by brain imaging features of intracerebral haemorrhage and cerebral small vessel diseases: subgroup analyses of the RESTART randomised, open-label trial

Background Findings from the RESTART trial suggest that starting antiplatelet therapy might reduce the risk of recurrent symptomatic intracerebral haemorrhage compared with avoiding antiplatelet therapy. Brain imaging features of intracerebral haemorrhage and cerebral small vessel diseases (such as cerebral microbleeds) are associated with greater risks of recurrent intracerebral haemorrhage. We did subgroup analyses of the RESTART trial to explore whether these brain imaging features modify the effects of antiplatelet therapy

Effects of antiplatelet therapy after stroke due to intracerebral haemorrhage (RESTART): a randomised, open-label trial

Background: Antiplatelet therapy reduces the risk of major vascular events for people with occlusive vascular disease, although it might increase the risk of intracranial haemorrhage. Patients surviving the commonest subtype of intracranial haemorrhage, intracerebral haemorrhage, are at risk of both haemorrhagic and occlusive vascular events, but whether antiplatelet therapy can be used safely is unclear. We aimed to estimate the relative and absolute effects of antiplatelet therapy on recurrent intracerebral haemorrhage and whether this risk might exceed any reduction of occlusive vascular events. Methods: The REstart or STop Antithrombotics Randomised Trial (RESTART) was a prospective, randomised, open-label, blinded endpoint, parallel-group trial at 122 hospitals in the UK. We recruited adults (≥18 years) who were taking antithrombotic (antiplatelet or anticoagulant) therapy for the prevention of occlusive vascular disease when they developed intracerebral haemorrhage, discontinued antithrombotic therapy, and survived for 24 h. Computerised randomisation incorporating minimisation allocated participants (1:1) to start or avoid antiplatelet therapy. We followed participants for the primary outcome (recurrent symptomatic intracerebral haemorrhage) for up to 5 years. We analysed data from all randomised participants using Cox proportional hazards regression, adjusted for minimisation covariates. This trial is registered with ISRCTN (number ISRCTN71907627). Findings: Between May 22, 2013, and May 31, 2018, 537 participants were recruited a median of 76 days (IQR 29–146) after intracerebral haemorrhage onset: 268 were assigned to start and 269 (one withdrew) to avoid antiplatelet therapy. Participants were followed for a median of 2·0 years (IQR [1·0– 3·0]; completeness 99·3%). 12 (4%) of 268 participants allocated to antiplatelet therapy had recurrence of intracerebral haemorrhage compared with 23 (9%) of 268 participants allocated to avoid antiplatelet therapy (adjusted hazard ratio 0·51 [95% CI 0·25–1·03]; p=0·060). 18 (7%) participants allocated to antiplatelet therapy experienced major haemorrhagic events compared with 25 (9%) participants allocated to avoid antiplatelet therapy (0·71 [0·39–1·30]; p=0·27), and 39 [15%] participants allocated to antiplatelet therapy had major occlusive vascular events compared with 38 [14%] allocated to avoid antiplatelet therapy (1·02 [0·65–1·60]; p=0·92). Interpretation: These results exclude all but a very modest increase in the risk of recurrent intracerebral haemorrhage with antiplatelet therapy for patients on antithrombotic therapy for the prevention of occlusive vascular disease when they developed intracerebral haemorrhage. The risk of recurrent intracerebral haemorrhage is probably too small to exceed the established benefits of antiplatelet therapy for secondary prevention

Effects of antiplatelet therapy after stroke due to intracerebral haemorrhage (RESTART): a randomised, open-label trial

Background: Antiplatelet therapy reduces the risk of major vascular events for people with occlusive vascular disease, although it might increase the risk of intracranial haemorrhage. Patients surviving the commonest subtype of intracranial haemorrhage, intracerebral haemorrhage, are at risk of both haemorrhagic and occlusive vascular events, but whether antiplatelet therapy can be used safely is unclear. We aimed to estimate the relative and absolute effects of antiplatelet therapy on recurrent intracerebral haemorrhage and whether this risk might exceed any reduction of occlusive vascular events. Methods: The REstart or STop Antithrombotics Randomised Trial (RESTART) was a prospective, randomised, open-label, blinded endpoint, parallel-group trial at 122 hospitals in the UK. We recruited adults (≥18 years) who were taking antithrombotic (antiplatelet or anticoagulant) therapy for the prevention of occlusive vascular disease when they developed intracerebral haemorrhage, discontinued antithrombotic therapy, and survived for 24 h. Computerised randomisation incorporating minimisation allocated participants (1:1) to start or avoid antiplatelet therapy. We followed participants for the primary outcome (recurrent symptomatic intracerebral haemorrhage) for up to 5 years. We analysed data from all randomised participants using Cox proportional hazards regression, adjusted for minimisation covariates. This trial is registered with ISRCTN (number ISRCTN71907627). Findings: Between May 22, 2013, and May 31, 2018, 537 participants were recruited a median of 76 days (IQR 29–146) after intracerebral haemorrhage onset: 268 were assigned to start and 269 (one withdrew) to avoid antiplatelet therapy. Participants were followed for a median of 2·0 years (IQR [1·0– 3·0]; completeness 99·3%). 12 (4%) of 268 participants allocated to antiplatelet therapy had recurrence of intracerebral haemorrhage compared with 23 (9%) of 268 participants allocated to avoid antiplatelet therapy (adjusted hazard ratio 0·51 [95% CI 0·25–1·03]; p=0·060). 18 (7%) participants allocated to antiplatelet therapy experienced major haemorrhagic events compared with 25 (9%) participants allocated to avoid antiplatelet therapy (0·71 [0·39–1·30]; p=0·27), and 39 [15%] participants allocated to antiplatelet therapy had major occlusive vascular events compared with 38 [14%] allocated to avoid antiplatelet therapy (1·02 [0·65–1·60]; p=0·92). Interpretation: These results exclude all but a very modest increase in the risk of recurrent intracerebral haemorrhage with antiplatelet therapy for patients on antithrombotic therapy for the prevention of occlusive vascular disease when they developed intracerebral haemorrhage. The risk of recurrent intracerebral haemorrhage is probably too small to exceed the established benefits of antiplatelet therapy for secondary prevention

Effects of antiplatelet therapy after stroke due to intracerebral haemorrhage (RESTART): a randomised, open-label trial

BACKGROUND: Antiplatelet therapy reduces the risk of major vascular events for people with occlusive vascular disease, although it might increase the risk of intracranial haemorrhage. Patients surviving the commonest subtype of intracranial haemorrhage, intracerebral haemorrhage, are at risk of both haemorrhagic and occlusive vascular events, but whether antiplatelet therapy can be used safely is unclear. We aimed to estimate the relative and absolute effects of antiplatelet therapy on recurrent intracerebral haemorrhage and whether this risk might exceed any reduction of occlusive vascular events. METHODS: The REstart or STop Antithrombotics Randomised Trial (RESTART) was a prospective, randomised, open-label, blinded endpoint, parallel-group trial at 122 hospitals in the UK. We recruited adults (≥18 years) who were taking antithrombotic (antiplatelet or anticoagulant) therapy for the prevention of occlusive vascular disease when they developed intracerebral haemorrhage, discontinued antithrombotic therapy, and survived for 24 h. Computerised randomisation incorporating minimisation allocated participants (1:1) to start or avoid antiplatelet therapy. We followed participants for the primary outcome (recurrent symptomatic intracerebral haemorrhage) for up to 5 years. We analysed data from all randomised participants using Cox proportional hazards regression, adjusted for minimisation covariates. This trial is registered with ISRCTN (number ISRCTN71907627). FINDINGS: Between May 22, 2013, and May 31, 2018, 537 participants were recruited a median of 76 days (IQR 29-146) after intracerebral haemorrhage onset: 268 were assigned to start and 269 (one withdrew) to avoid antiplatelet therapy. Participants were followed for a median of 2·0 years (IQR [1·0- 3·0]; completeness 99·3%). 12 (4%) of 268 participants allocated to antiplatelet therapy had recurrence of intracerebral haemorrhage compared with 23 (9%) of 268 participants allocated to avoid antiplatelet therapy (adjusted hazard ratio 0·51 [95% CI 0·25-1·03]; p=0·060). 18 (7%) participants allocated to antiplatelet therapy experienced major haemorrhagic events compared with 25 (9%) participants allocated to avoid antiplatelet therapy (0·71 [0·39-1·30]; p=0·27), and 39 [15%] participants allocated to antiplatelet therapy had major occlusive vascular events compared with 38 [14%] allocated to avoid antiplatelet therapy (1·02 [0·65-1·60]; p=0·92). INTERPRETATION: These results exclude all but a very modest increase in the risk of recurrent intracerebral haemorrhage with antiplatelet therapy for patients on antithrombotic therapy for the prevention of occlusive vascular disease when they developed intracerebral haemorrhage. The risk of recurrent intracerebral haemorrhage is probably too small to exceed the established benefits of antiplatelet therapy for secondary prevention. FUNDING: British Heart Foundation

Susceptibility analysis of Arcobacter isolated from fresh cheeses from municipal markets to fluoroquinolones in Guaranda City, Ecuador.

https://cjes.guilan.ac.ir/article_5584_43b5160f965916ef2f7f1be9a0fd38a6.pdfSome species of the Arcobacter genus are considered emerging foodborne enteropathogens. However, the presence of this bacterium in cheese is little known. On the other hand, quinolones are considered first-line drugs for the treatment of campylobacter infection in human patients, but currently little data is available on the levels of resistance to these antibiotics among Arcobacter species. Thus, the objective of this study was to analyze the susceptibility of Arcobacter spp. isolated from 100 fresh cheeses, obtained from the municipal markets to Fluoroquinolones in Guaranda City, Ecuador. By culture, 47 out of the 100 cheese samples were positive with a total of 66 isolates. By PCR, the number of positive samples was reduced to 21 with 26 isolates. With respect to antimicrobial activity, 2 isolates showed resistance to Levofloxacin (7.69%) and 6 to Ciprofloxacin (23.08%). Nineteen strains exhibited intermediate resistance to Levofloxacin and 10 to Ciprofloxacin. This study is the first report on the presence of pathogenic species of Arcobacter spp. in fresh cheeses in Ecuador, which could act as a vehicle for transmission to humans and pose a potential risk to public health