Appendix B. Locations on the 15th of each month of wildebeest simulated in the evolutionary stage for models influenced by rainfall and new vegetation growth, as reflected in NDVI.

Locations on the 15th of each month of wildebeest simulated in the evolutionary stage for models influenced by rainfall and new vegetation growth, as reflected in NDVI

Appendix C. Nine wildebeest migratory pathways that evolved using average monthly surfaces in the additive model and yearly pathways refined in a learning phase.

Nine wildebeest migratory pathways that evolved using average monthly surfaces in the additive model and yearly pathways refined in a learning phase

Appendix A. Measures of goodness-of-fit for wildebeest pathways from eight objective functions averaged for multiple-resolution comparisons from 5 to 50 km square blocks.

Measures of goodness-of-fit for wildebeest pathways from eight objective functions averaged for multiple-resolution comparisons from 5 to 50 km square blocks

A comparison of the agricultural productivity of each route.

<p>(a) The spatial distribution of current crops (herbaceous crops are generally maize and beans for subsistence, shrub crops are generally cotton for cash), (b) the total amount of agriculture per kilometre of road; (c) the density of livestock and (d) the total livestock within 20km of each route. The potential for future agriculture depends on soil fertility and rainfall: (e) the distribution of soil fertility (estimated from the soil’s cation exchange capacity) and (f) the average soil fertility of each route; (g) the distribution of the mean annual rainfall and (h) the total annual rainfall along each route.</p

A comparison of the total distance of each proposed route, the current surface conditions, the amount of new paving, the number of major junctions, and the total human population the road would access.

<p>Note: The Serengeti Route requires the most amount of new pavement, would be the most costly to build, would contribute least to a national transportation network, and connects the fewest people.</p><p>A comparison of the total distance of each proposed route, the current surface conditions, the amount of new paving, the number of major junctions, and the total human population the road would access.</p

A comparison of travel times for the three routes based on the maximum allowable speed inside and outside protected areas indicates there is very little difference between the Serengeti Route and the Eyasi Route.

<p>A comparison of travel times for the three routes based on the maximum allowable speed inside and outside protected areas indicates there is very little difference between the Serengeti Route and the Eyasi Route.</p

A comparison of the education and health care opportunities for the people living along each route.

<p>(a) The total number of school aged children within 10km of each route partitioned by density and (b) the mean distance (km) to the closest clinic for people living along each route. The results show the Serengeti route connects the fewest children to schools and is the poorest at connecting rural people to medical facilities.</p

A comparison of the socio-economic demographics of the three possible routes.

<p>(a) The spatial distribution of economically active people and (b) the total number of economically active people within 10km of each route (Mbulu = 1,059,436; Eyasi = 919,297; Serengeti = 580,864); (c) the spatial distribution of unemployment and (d) the total number of unemployed people within 10km of each route (Mbulu = 904,930; Eyasi = 768,062; Serengeti = 458,037). The data suggest the Mbulu Route would connect the most unemployed people the largest centres of economic activity.</p

Capture histories for lions Panthera leo

Gender, DOB, Pride membership and location by conservancy of lions within community conservancies north of the Masai Mara, Kenya. Presence/absence (1/0) and age category also given for 6 month periods to generate capture history (column AB) for mark-recapture analysis with MARK

Random point distance minus vulture data point distance to wildebeest herds (km) by season and species.

<p>Note: Values near zero suggest the distribution of vulture movement is no different than random, while positive values suggest vultures are closer to wildebeest than by chance alone and negative values would suggest vultures are farther from wildebeest than by chance alone.</p