Continuous finite-time state feedback stabilizers for some nonlinear stochastic systems

This paper is concerned with the problem of finite-time stabilization for some nonlinear stochastic systems. Based on the stochastic Lyapunov theorem on finite-time stability that has been established by the authors in the paper, it is proven that Euler-type stochastic nonlinear systems can be finite-time stabilized via a family of continuous feedback controllers. Using the technique of adding a power integrator, a continuous, global state feedback controller is constructed to stabilize in finite time a large class of two-dimensional lower-triangular stochastic nonlinear systems. Also, for a class of three-dimensional lower-triangular stochastic nonlinear systems, a recursive design scheme of finite-time stabilization is given by developing the technique of adding a power integrator and constructing a continuous feedback controller. Finally, a simulation example is given to illustrate the theoretical results. © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd

Domain stabilization in probability in a fixed time for nonlinear stochastic systems via feedback control

This paper is concerned with the domain stabilization in probability in a fixed time for nonlinear stochastic systems. More specifically, given a target domain (Formula presented.), a probability (Formula presented.) and a fixed time (Formula presented.), we aim to find suitable state feedback control laws such that the trajectory of the resulting closed-loop system, starting from outside (Formula presented.), will reach the target domain in the fixed time (Formula presented.) with the minimum probability (Formula presented.). To this end, we prove a local existence and uniqueness result of solutions to nonlinear stochastic systems under mild conditions, and derive upper bounds of the mean of the first hitting time with respect to (Formula presented.) under various rigorous conditions. By these results, a Lyapunov-based controller design is given to guarantee the domain stability for nonlinear stochastic systems with affine control inputs. Besides, inequalities of quadratic forms focusing on semi-linear stochastic systems are used to design a linear state feedback controller for achieving the domain stability in probability. Several examples are given for demonstration

A new theorem on finite-time stability of stochastic homogeneous systems and its application

This paper provides a novel Lyapunov theorem on finite-time stability of stochastic homogeneous systems. Different from the existing results, the differential operator (Formula presented.) in this paper is not required to be negative definite and could be negative semidefinite. The obtained condition is somehow similar to the LaSalle's condition. Moreover, the existing theorem of finite-time stability for stochastic homogeneous systems is a special case of our result. As an application of the obtained theorem, stochastic finite-time stabilization is considered for stochastic homogeneous affine control systems. Some examples and simulations are provided to show the effectiveness of the results

Advances in smart photovoltaic textiles.

Energy harvesting textiles have emerged as a promising solution to sustainably power wearable electronics. Textile-based solar cells (SCs) interconnected with on-body electronics have emerged to meet such needs. These technologies are lightweight, flexible, and easy to transport while leveraging the abundant natural sunlight in an eco-friendly way. In this Review, we comprehensively explore the working mechanisms, diverse types, and advanced fabrication strategies of photovoltaic textiles. Furthermore, we provide a detailed analysis of the recent progress made in various types of photovoltaic textiles, emphasizing their electrochemical performance. The focal point of this review centers on smart photovoltaic textiles for wearable electronic applications. Finally, we offer insights and perspectives on potential solutions to overcome the existing limitations of textile-based photovoltaics to promote their industrial commercialization

Material Wear Calculation of Braking Surface under High-Power Braking Conditions

The wear phenomenon of the braking surface of a high-power disc brake under emergency braking conditions is analyzed in this paper. Considering the classical Archard wear model, including the influence of the braking load, speed, and friction coefficient on the braking surface, the wear model of the brake disc surface is established to obtain the wear depth and distribution. It is essential to investigate the wear mechanism of the brake disc surface, and the evolution of wear laws is revealed under different braking parameters. The results have shown that the brake disc surface wear is constantly accumulating. The large load, the high speed, and the large friction coefficient would aggravate the surface wear area. It is expected that the wear study of the brake disc surface can guide the design of the disc brake

Handmade cloned transgenic piglets expressing the nematode fat-1 gene

Production of transgenic animals via somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) has been adapted worldwide, but this application is somewhat limited by its relatively low efficiency. In this study, we used handmade cloning (HMC) established previously to produce transgenic pigs that express the functional nematode fat-1 gene. Codon-optimized mfat-1 was inserted into eukaryotic expression vectors, which were transferred into primary swine donor cells. Reverse transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR), gas chromatography, and chromosome analyses were performed to select donor clones capable of converting n-6 into n-3 fatty acids. Blastocysts derived from the clones that lowered the n-6/n-3 ratio to approximately 1:1 were transferred surgically into the uteri of recipients for transgenic piglets. By HMC, 37% (n = 558) of reconstructed embryos developed to the blastocyst stage after 7 days of culture in vitro, with an average cell number of 81 – 36 (n = 14). Three recipients became pregnant after 408 day-6 blastocysts were transferred into four naturally cycling females, and a total of 14 live offspring were produced. The nematode mfat-1 effectively lowered the n-6/n-3 ratio in muscle and major organs of the transgenic pig. Our results will help to establish a reliable procedure and an efficient option in the production of transgenic animals

Inhibition of A/Human/Hubei/3/2005 (H3N2) influenza virus infection by silver nanoparticles in vitro and in vivo

AbstractSilver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have attracted much attention as antimicrobial agents and have demonstrated efficient inhibitory activity against various viruses, including human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis B virus, and Tacaribe virus. In this study, we investigated if AgNPs could have antiviral and preventive effects in A/Human/Hubei/3/2005 (H3N2) influenza virus infection. Madin-Darby canine kidney cells infected with AgNP-treated H3N2 influenza virus showed better viability (P,0.05 versus influenza virus control) and no obvious cytopathic effects compared with an influenza virus control group and a group treated with the solvent used for preparation of the AgNPs. Hemagglutination assay indicated that AgNPs could significantly inhibit growth of the influenza virus in Madin-Darby canine kidney cells (P,0.01 versus the influenza virus control). AgNPs significantly reduced cell apoptosis induced by H3N2 influenza virus at three different treatment pathways (P,0.05 versus influenza virus control). H3N2 influenza viruses treated with AgNPs were analyzed by transmission electron microscopy and found to interact with each other, resulting in destruction of morphologic viral structures in a time-dependent manner in a time range of 30 minutes to 2 hours. In addition, intranasal AgNP administration in mice significantly enhanced survival after infection with the H3N2 influenza virus. Mice treated with AgNPs showed lower lung viral titer levels and minor pathologic lesions in lung tissue, and had a marked survival benefit during secondary intranasal passage in vivo. These results provide evidence that AgNPs have beneficial effects in preventing H3N2 influenza virus infection both in vitro and in vivo, and demonstrate that AgNPs can be used as potential therapeutics for inhibiting outbreaks of influenza.<br