Perkembangan Dan Kemampuan Reproduksi Tungau Panonychus Citri McGregor (Acarina:Tetranychidae) Yang Resisten Dan Peka Terhadap Akarisida

. Istianto, M. 2007. The Development and Reproductive Capacity of Panonychus citri McGregor (Acarina:Tetranychidae) that is Resistance and Susceptible to Acaricides. Panonychus citri mite is one of the most economically important citrus pests in Indonesia. The different status of mite susceptibility to acaricides is suspected causing the characters of P. citri change. The objectives of this research were to understand the differences of development and reproductive capacity of P. citri that was resistance and susceptible to acaricides with or without citrus essential oil treatment. Samples of P. citri were collected from citrus orchards of Kusuma Agrowisata and Indonesian Citrus and Subtropic Fruit Research Institute, Tlekung. The studies were conducted from October 2003 to February 2004 in Indonesian Citrus and Subtropic Fruit Research Institute,Tlekung, Batu, Malang and Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta. The susceptibility level of P. citri populations to acaricides were analysed by probit analyses while development and reproductive capacity due to citrus essential oil application were analysed by T-test. The results showed that higher concentration of propargite and amitraze acaricides were needed to kill 50-95% of P. citri population from Kusuma Agrowisata than those from Tlekung. The development and reproductive capacity of P. citri from both locations were not significantly different in the condition without citrus essential oil treatment. Citrus essential oil treatment indicated that P. citri population collected from Kusuma Agrowisata was more tolerant than from Tlekung. The number of eggs laid and larva of P. citri from Kusuma Agrowisata were higher than those from Tlekung. This facts indicated that resistance insidence could cause more disadvantage effects. Resistance of miles to pesticides also caused secondary metabolites as resistance agent of plant to pests not effective. Pesticides must be applicated at exact time, target, and concentration to avoid extended disadvantage

Pemanfaatan Lahan Sub-optimal Untuk Pengusahaan Tanaman Karet: Suatu Rangkuman Hasil Survei Dan Penelitian

Some typologies of sub-optimal area are known potential for rubber cultivation. Tidaland high elevation areas arethe two potential for rubber cultivation. Rubber cultivation in thesearea must be followed by input of technology. In this paper we summarize the results of research and survey fromIndonesian Rubber Research Institute in order to support the utilization of sub-optimal area for rubber cultivation. Water management, modification of planting material and modification in planting manner are needed for rubber cultivation in tidal area while rubber development in area with high elevation; the selection of appropriate rubber clones and soil conservation techniquesare required

Pengaruh Minyak Cengkeh Terhadap Pertumbuhan Koloni Dan Sifat Antagonis Cendawan Gliocladium SP. Terhadap Fusarium Oxysporum F. SP. Cubense

Minyak cengkeh dan cendawan Gliocladium sp. diketahui memiliki potensi sebagai agens pengendali cendawan Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense (Foc), penyebab penyakit layu pada tanaman pisang. Pengujian kompatibilitas antara minyak cengkeh dengan cendawan Gliocladium sp. perlu dievaluasi dalam rangka menyusun paket pengendalian terpadu terhadap penyakit layu Fusarium. Tujuan penelitian ialah mengevaluasi pengaruh minyak cengkeh terhadap pertumbuhan koloni cendawan Gliocladium sp. dan daya hambatnya terhadap cendawan Foc ras 4. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Proteksi Tanaman Balai Penelitian Tanaman Buah Tropika pada bulan Mei sampai Juli 2008. Perlakuan terdiri atas minyak cengkeh volume 3, 9, dan 18 µl disusun dalam rancangan acak lengkap dengan lima ulangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa miselium cendawan Gliocladium sp. yang mendapat perlakuan minyak cengkeh masih mampu tumbuh hingga memenuhi ruang cawan petri. Jumlah konidia cendawan Gliocladium sp. yang diperlakukan dengan minyak cengkeh terbukti lebih sedikit dibanding cendawan yang tidak diperlakukan dengan minyak cengkeh. Cendawan Gliocladium sp. yang telah mendapat perlakuan minyak cengkeh masih memiliki sifat antagonistik yang efektif terhadap cendawan Foc. Efektivitas antagonisme cendawan tersebut tidak berbeda nyata dengan efektivitas antagonisme yang tidak diperlakukan dengan minyak cengkeh. Hasil ini memberikan harapan karena minyak cengkeh tidak memberikan efek negatif terhadap aktivitas Gliocladium sp., sehingga dapat dijadikan sebagai salah satu komponen dalam program pengendalian secara terpadu penyakit layu Fusarium pada pisang. Namun masih diperlukan penelitian lebih lanjut mengenai pengaruh minyak cengkeh terhadap pertumbuhan tanaman.Clove essential oil and Gliocladium sp. are known to have the potency for controlling Fusarium oxysporum f.sp cubense (Foc) the causal agent of wilt banana disease. The compatibility of clove oil and Gliocladium sp. has to be evaluated to establish an integrated pest management against Fusarium disease. The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the effect of clove oil on the growth of Gliocladium sp. colony and the inhibition value of this fungus to Foc race 4. The experiment was conducted in the Plant Protection Laboratory of Indonesian Tropical Fruit Research Institute from May to July 2008. The treatments were volumes of clove oil i.e. 3, 9, and 18 µl that were arranged in a completely randomized design with five replications. The results showed that Gliocladium sp. mycelia treated with clove oil could still grow throughout the available space within petridish. However, Gliocladium sp. treated with this oil had lower number of conidia than that it was untreated. Gliocladium sp. treated with clove oil had still effective antagonism trait to Foc. This effectiveness was not significantly different from Gliocladium sp. that was untreated with clove oil. This result indicated that clove oil had good potency as a component in integrated control program against wilt disease on banana, because it did not have negative effect to Gliocladium sp. However, further research is still needed to evaluate the effect of clove oil to plant growth

Aktivitas Antijamur Minyak Atsiri terhadap Penyakit Antraknos Buah Pisang di Penyimpanan pada Kondisi Laboratorium

. Antraknos yang disebabkan oleh Colletotrichum sp. merupakan penyakit penting yang menyerangbuah pisang pada penyimpanan. Teknologi yang direkomendasikan untuk mengendalikan penyakit ini adalah denganpenerapan perlakuan panas dan penggunaan fungisida. Teknologi alternatif yang mempertimbangkan keamanankonsumen dan lingkungan sangat diperlukan untuk menggantikan penggunaan fungisida. Tujuan penelitian adalahmengevaluasi aktivitas antijamur beberapa minyak atsiri yang diekstrak dari daun kayu manis, sereh wangi, dankulit jeruk besar terhadap penyakit antraknos. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Perlindungan Tanaman BalaiPenelitian Tanaman Buah Tropika pada suhu ruang mulai dari bulan Januari sampai Mei 2007. Hasil penelitianmenunjukkan bahwa minyak atsiri mampu menekan perkembangan miselium jamur Colletotrichum sp.. Minyakatsiri yang diekstrak dari daun kayu manis mempunyai nilai penghambatan tertinggi (65-72%) terhadap pertumbuhanmiselium Colletotrichum sp., diikuti oleh nilai penghambatan minyak atsiri sereh wangi (62-64%), dan kulit jerukbesar (14-19%). Hasil ini menunjukkan bahwa minyak atsiri mempunyai potensi yang baik untuk dikembangkansebagai teknologi alternatif yang mempertimbangkan keamanan konsumen dan lingkunga

Kelayakan Pengembangan Perkebunan Karet Di Kabupaten Tanah Bumbu Kalimantan Selatan

Kalimantan Selatan merupakan salah satu sentra perkebunan karet di Indonesia, tidak terkecuali tanaman karet. Salah satu diantara tiga belas kabupaten di Provinsi Kalimantan Selatan yang memiliki potensi bagi pengembangan perkebunan karet adalah Kabupaten Tanah Bumbu. Dengan teknik budidaya yang masih tradisional, saat ini produktivitas lahan perkebunan karet di Kabupaten Tanah Bumbu umumnya masih rendah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menilai kelayakan pengembangan perkebunan karet di Kabupaten Tanah Bumbu. Penelitian dilakukan pada tahun 2014 dengan metode survei dan dianalisis secara diskriptif kualitatif dan kuantitatif melalui pendekatan analisis mengenai dampak lingkungan (AMDAL) dan kelayakan finansial proyek menurut empat kriteria investasi yaitu Nett Present Value (NPV), Internal Rate of Return (IRR), Benefit Cost Ratio (B/C Ratio), dan Payback Period (PBP). Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa pengembangan perkebunan karet di kedua kecamatan sampel seluas ±5.620 Ha di Kecamatan Kusan Hulu sebagai Satuan Lahan I dan ±11.261 Ha di Kecamatan Satui sebagai Satuan Lahan II mendapatkan respon positif dari 90% responden. Secara finansial besaran nilai dari empat kriteria investasi masing-masing adalah NPV sebesar IDR 243 Milyar dan IDR 187Milyar, B/C ratio sebesar 2,08 dan 1,99, selanjutnya IRR sebesar 27,20% dan 17,53%, dan PBP selama 8 tahun 3 bulan dan 13 tahun 9 bulan. Berdasarkan keempat kriteria tersebut maka program pengembangan perkebunan karet di Kabupaten Tanah Bumbu dinilai layak. Diterima : 4 Agustus 2015 / Direvisi : 15 Juli 2016 / Disetujui : 26 Juli 2016 How to Cite : Fauzi, I., Bukit, E., Andriyanto, M., & Istianto, I. (2016). Kelayakan pengembangan perkebunan karet di Kabupaten Tanah Bumbu Kalimantan Selatan. Jurnal Penelitian Karet, 34(1), 107-118. Retrieved from http://ejournal.puslitkaret.co.id/index.php/jpk/article/view/22

Beberapa Aspek Bioekologi Hama Penggerek Batang Mangga

. Muryati, M. Istianto, and Affandi. 2010. Some Bioecological Aspects of Mango Stem Borer.Stem borer is the most important pest on mango in the wet lowland area. The information about this pest was stillvery limited, therefore, it is difficult to arrange its control strategy. The research were intended to collect data on thespecies of stem borer from some locations, its damage severity on some mango varieties as well as its natural enemies.The study was conducted by survey method from January 2005 to December 2006. The research revealed that thestem borer found in some locations was dominated by Rhytidodera integra (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) (Kolbe 1886).Besides this species, another Cerambycidae, i.e. Palimna annulata Oliver was also found at Aripan Research Stationof Indonesian Tropical Fruit Research Institute. Both species have a similar behavior. The stem borer attacked almostall varieties that were found in research locations. The damage severity of mango by stem borer was 8.83 and 10.36%in West Sumatera and in North Sumatera, respectively. The most severe damage of mango variety in West Sumaterawas Cengkir (23.26%), while in North Sumatera was Podang (19.01%). Five species of natural enemies were foundduring the study. The results of this experiment can be used as initial information to control mango stem bore

Bionomi Tungau pada Enam Kultivar Jeruk

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh enam kultivar jeruk terhadap panjang siklus hidup dan potensireproduksi tungau. Enam varietas jeruk yang dievaluasi adalah manis Sumut, keprok batu-55, keprok kacang, keprokmanis singkarak, keprok keling, dan keprok siem. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada bulan Agustus 1997 sampai April1998 di laboratorium Balai Penelitian Tanaman Buah, Solok . Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa siklus hidup danpotensi reproduksi tungau dipengaruhi oleh kultivar jeruk. Keprok kacang pal ing tahan terhadap tungau. Hal initampak pada umur nimfa pal ing lama (7,2 hari), umur imago pal ing pendek (10,4 hari), jumlah telur yang diletakkanpal ing sedikit (7,1 butir), dan mortalitas nimfa pal ing tinggi (54,0%). Kultivar yang pal ing peka terhadap tungau iniadalah keprok manis singkarak, dicirikan dengan umur nimfa tungau pal ing pendek (4,1 hari), umur imago pal inglama (15,7 hari), jumlah telur yang diletakkan pal ing banyak (36,6 butir), dan mortalitas nimfa pal ing rendah (17,9%).Berdasarkan hasil analisis anatomi daun ternyata panjang siklus hidup dan potensi reproduksi tungau dipengaruhioleh ketebalan epi der mis daun. Semakin tebal epi der mis daun, pertumbuhan tungau semakin kurang baik.Berdasarkan pengamatan terhadap siklus hidup dan potensi reproduksi Tetranychus urticae, keprok kacang memilikiprospek untuk digunakan sebagai sumber tetua guna menghasilkan kultivar jeruk yang toleran terhadap T. urticae.Kata kunci : Tetranychus urticae; Bionomi; Kultivar jerukAB STRACT. Muryati, M. Istianto, and L. Setyobudi. 2004. The bionomic of mite on six cit rus cultivars. Theob jec tives of this re search was to eval u ate the life cy cle and po ten tial re pro duc tion of T. urticae on six cit rus cultivars.The six cultivars were manis Sumut, keprok batu-55, keprok kacang, keprok manis singkarak, keprok keling, andkeprok siem. The re search was con ducted since Au gust 1997 un til April 1998 un der lab o ra tory con di tion at In do ne -sian Fruit Re search In sti tute, Solok. The re sults showed that the life cy cle length and po ten tial re pro duc tion of T.urticae was sig nif i cantly in flu enced by cit rus cultivars. Keprok kacang was the most un suit able cultivar for T. urticaede vel op ment com pare with oth ers, which was in di cated by the lon gest nymph stages (7.2 days), the short est adultstage (10.4 days), the low est num ber of eggs laid (7.1), and the high est nymph mor tal ity (54.0%). The most suit ablecultivar for T. urticae de vel op ment was keprok manis singkarak, which was in di cated by the short est nymph stages(4.1 days), the lon gest adult stages (15.7 days), the high est num ber of eggs laid (36.6), and the low est nymph mor tal ity(17,9%). Based on the leaves anat omy, the keprok kacang has the thick ness of epi der mic tis sue, which in flu enced un -suit able on the mite's lenght life cy cle and re pro duc tive po ten tial. There fore, keprok kacang has a po ten tial to be usedas pa ren tal for cit rus va ri ety im prove ment pro gram against T. urticae

Spatial Distribution Pattern of the Fruit Fly, Bactrocera Dorsalis Complex (Diptera: Tephritidae) in Mango Orchard

The spatial distribution of Bactrocera dorsalis complex in the mango orchard that was analyzed using various mathematical indices dispersion and regression models showed an aggregated distribution. Taylor\u27s power law and Iwao\u27s regression model fitted well to all data sets. However, Iwao\u27s regression model fitted the data better, yielding higher values of R2 than Taylor\u27s power law. As the regression of the reciprocal of k of negative binomial (1/k) on x [k = ( x2 – s2/n) / (s2 – x )] was not significant, the calculation of a common k was justified to be 1.30. This implies that the grade of aggregation of the fruit flies population was relatively constant throughout the time despite the variation in sample means. Since the clump size (λ) value was more than 2, the aggregated distribution might be due to the behavior and environmental factors working together

Potensi Individu Amblyseius Deleoni Et Denmark Sebagai Predator Hama Tungau Panonychus Citri McGregor Pada Tanaman Jeruk

. Setyobudi, L., M. Istianto, and O. Endarto. 2007. Individual Potency of Amblyseius deleoni et Denmark as Predator of Panonychus citri McGregor on Citrus. Panonychus citri is one of the most economically important citrus pests in Indonesia. Controlling to this pest population is needed to suppress the crop losses of citrus production. One of the technologies to control mite population is by applying natural enemies. The objective of this research was to evaluate the individual potency of A. deleoni to prey P. citri. The research was arranged in a completely randomized design with 6 treatments and 10 replications This research was conducted from August 1999 to January 2000 in Laboratory of Entomology of Indonesian Citrus and Subtropic Fruit Research Institute Tlekung. The treatments were A. deleoni put in the several stages of P. citri lifecycle i.e. (1) eggs, (2) larva, (3) nymph, (4) adult, (5) mixed stages of P. citri, and (6) pollens of papaya. The results showed that A. deleoni had a potency to prey P. citri. During the treatments, individual of A. deleoni was able to prey 1.80-2.16 eggs/day, 1.08-2.22 larvae/day, 0.70-1.52 nymphs/day, 0.47-1.08 adults/day, 1.15-2.93 mixed stages of P. citri/day. The treatments tended not to have significant influence to longevity of A. deleoni. The largest number of eggs and first generation of A. deleoni found in the treatment of eggs of P. citri as a prey i.e. 14.40 and 11.52 respectively. This results gives an alternative predator that can be used to control the population of P. citri on citrus