Structural Strength and Behaviour of Cylindrical Steel Sheet Roofing

The roof does not only protect the building and its occupants from the effects of weather, but it is also an architectural feature that gives the building a desired appearance. Profiled steel sheet zincalume is normally used in roof as covering materials, without any attention paid to its struchiral capability as a self-supporting medium. A self-supporting roofing element is a new; where profiled sheeting roof could run continuous lengths of roof spans without internal support. This roofing system saves material and construction cost by avoiding internal support. The aim of this research work is to study the possibility of using profiled steel sheet as self-supporting roofing elements for affordable housing. An analytical investigation using the finite element method was carried out on the structural strength and behavior of different types of self-supporting roofing elements. Five laboratory tests using 3 m spans, 0.42 mm thickness and different crown heights of 1.5, 1.0, 0.50, 0.25 and 0.125 m specimens were conducted for assessing the structural strength and behavior of roofing elements. Analytical study was camed out on the effect of shape, size, materials and support condition on the structural behaviour of the selected roofing element. The analytical investigation was extended for longer spans to explore the feasibility of using of profiled steel sheet as a self supporting roofing system in housing construction. In the analytical work, finite element models were generated and analyzed by using LUSAS software. The analytical study for the roofing elements showed that parabolic profiled roofing element with crown height 116 of span length was more efficient than others as a self-supporting element. The proposed self-supporting roofing element satisfied geometrical, buckling and material stability. Deflection was found to be the limiting criteria in design for self-supporting roofing element using profiled steel sheet. The presence of corrugation in the steel roofing element resulted in a significant improvement on the roofs structural performance compared to flat sheet element. Good agreement was found between the results from finite element analysis and those obtained experimentally. The FEM models predicted with a reasonable degree of accuracy the structural behavior of different types of roofing elements. It was observed that a parabolic shape roofing element with an optimum crown height could be used as a self- supporting roofing element for about 4 m and 8 m span lengths using 0.42 mm and 1.25 mm thick profiled steel sheet. On the basis of this investigation, parabolic self-supporting roofing elements using profiled steel sheet with optimum crown height could be used in housing construction

How to make modal shift from road to rail possible in the European transport market, as aspired to in the EU Transport White Paper 2011

The total demand for freight transport in Europe has increased significantly in recent decades, but most of it has been handled by road transport. To fulfil the modal shift targets set in the EU White Paper 2011, it will be necessary to double rail’s market share from today’s 18 %, by 2050. Translating this into reality means rail will have to handle 3 to 4 times the cargo volume it does today. With this in mind, the paper develops a vision of an efficient rail freight system in 2050. Methodology To achieve the above objective, the research applies literature survey and group discussion methodology and applying a system approach. Keeping on board the EU Transport White Paper 2011 modal shift targets, as well as future freight demand and customer requirements, the current research attempts to answer the following three critical questions: -How can rail offer the quality of service that will attract customers and fulfil the targets? - How can rail offer its customers a price that is competitive with road? - How can rail offer the capacity to meet the increased demand from modal shift

Teaching compiler development to undergraduates using a template based approach

Includes bibliographical references (page 6-7).Compiler Design remains one of the most dreaded courses in any undergraduate Computer Science curriculum, due in part to the complexity and the breadth of the material covered in a typical 14-15 week semester time frame. The situation is further complicated by the fact that most undergraduates have never implemented a large enough software package that is needed for a working compiler, and to do so in such a short time span is a challenge indeed. This necessitates changes in the way we teach compilers, and specifically in ways we set up the project for the Compiler Design course at the undergraduate level. We describe a template based method for teaching compiler design and implementation to the undergraduates, where the students fill in the blanks in a set of templates for each phase of the compiler, starting from the lexical scanner to the code generator. Compilers for new languages can be implemented by modifying only the parts necessary to implement the syntax and the semantics of the language, leaving much of the remaining environment as is. The students not only learn how to design the various phases of the compiler, but also learn the software design and engineering techniques for implementing large software systems. In this paper, we describe a compiler teaching methodology that implements a full working compiler for an imperative C-like programming language with backend code generators for MIPS, Java Virtual Machine (JVM) and Microsoft’s .NET Common Language Runtime (CLR).Md. Zahurul IslamMumit Kha

Finding the Origin of a Translated Historical Document

Gospels are one type of translated historical document. There are many versions of the same Gospel that have been translated from the original, or from another Gospel that has already been translated into a different language. Nowadays, it is difficult to determine the language of the original Gospel from where these Gospels were translated. In this paper we use a super-vised machine learning technique to determine the origin of a version of the Georgian Gospel

INTERNATIONAL FREIGHT TRANSPORT MULTIMODAL DEVELOPMENT IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES: THE CASE OF BANGLADESH

An efficient transport system is essential for an efficient supply chain to facilitate international trade. To utilise all cheaper resources, such as labour in Bangladesh, companies receive supplies from one coxintry (e.g. in Hong Kong), produce the products in another country, and sell them in other countries (e.g. European countries). Thus the production and consumption has turned into a global activity with transport filling the gaps among them. To perform the transport function a carrier may require the use of more than one mode, the so-called multimodal transport. Multimodal transport, an integrated systems approach, can be defined as the most cost- and time-effective way of moving goods from shipper to consignee by at least two different modes of transport under a single contract. The system has been operating for more than three decades in developed countries, but in developing countries the transport system is still operating in a conventional fragmented way where modal integration has not been achieved. In particular the inland part of the international transport haul has appeared as a barrier to establishing an integrated multimodal transport system. In general, the transport systems in developing countries have failed to contribute to effective international supply chain. Little research has been conducted in this field in developing countries, including Bangladesh. The present research attempts to fill this gap through a triangulation technique; an in-depth literature review of international freight transport of developing countries particularly Bangladesh and developed countries; two rounds of Delphi study among a Bangladeshi panel; and a quantitative study based on a survey. The research hypothesises that Uhe extent to which a fragmented freight transport system can be transformed into an integrated multimodal transport system depends on the present state of the country'. The validity of the hypothesis was established through triangulation. The research also found that there has been a significant freight transport multimodal development in Bangladesh but it has not been perceived by the stakeholders

A light weight stemmer for Bengali and its use in spelling checker

Includes bibliographical references (page 6).Stemming is an operation that splits a word into the constituent root part and affix without doing complete morphological analysis. It is used to improve the performance of spelling checkers and information retrieval applications, where morphological analysis would be too computationally expensive. For spelling checkers specifically, using stemming may drastically reduce the dictionary size, often a bottleneck for mobile and embedded devices. This paper presents a computationally inexpensive stemming algorithm for Bengali, which handles suffix removal in a domain independent way. The evaluation of the proposed algorithm in a Bengali spelling checker indicates that it can be effectively used in information retrieval applications in general.Md. Zahurul IslamMd. Nizam UddinMumit Kha

Sustainable Agricultural Management Practices and Enterprise Development for Coping with Global Climate Change

This book chapter provides an insight into the synthesis of climate change vulnerabilities across various regions of the globe, recent trends, issues and prospects of climate smart agribusiness, the skill, efficiency and sustainable management practices of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) of the globe in the context of climate change, addressing the needs of emerging markets, industries and regional trades through a transformation with development in the areas of technology, value chains, management of environmental and social risk in the supply chains, compliance of food quality and safety regulations, market linkages of smallholders, corporate social responsibility and institutional development. There is a growing concern on food safety regulation and certification as part of sustainable management practices that firms and industries should cope. Sustainable management practices in business prove to be more profitable as they tend to adapt and grow with the changing markets, providing a competitive advantage over other firms. This chapter also focused on the challenges in sustainable business practices as well as suggested a number of development options, institutional and policy issues