Phytochemicals potential of Cyperus rotundus Linn. root extract Kalimantan for treatment of Oral mucosa traumatic ulcer: "Healing process enhancement with Cyperus rotundus L. root"

Abstract: Cyperus(C.) rotundus Linn(L.) root extract Kalimantan have been shown empirically for decades as a medicine for the treatment of toothache, swollen gums and thrush in the Island of Borneo (Kalimantan). This study was aimed to analyze the phytoconstituents of C. rotundus L. root extract and the effect of its concentration in inducing the expression of TGF-β 1 and the fibroblasts proliferation in the healing process of oral mucosa traumatic ulcer in Wistar rats. Materials and Methods: This was an experimental study with randomized post test only control group design. The gel extract of C. rotundus L. based 3% Natrium carboxymethyl celluose (CMC-Na) made by maceration method was used as treatment group while gel-based 3% CMC-Na was used for control group. Fortyeight rats were divided equally into two groups. Twenty-four rats were observed on day 5 and 24 others on day 7. Histological evaluation was performed by Hematoxylin Eosin (HE) stai ning for fibroblast and Immunohistochemistry(IHC) staining for TGF-β 1. Statistical analysis was performed using One Way Anova and Post Hoc Tukey's Honestly Significant Difference (HSD) test. Results:C. rotundus L. gel extract showed significant difference between the groups as a whole and between each group. The 4% was the best concentration compared to 2% and 8% of C. rotundus L. based 3% CMC-Na. There were strong correlation between TGF-β 1 expression and the number of fibroblasts. Conclusion: The concentration of four percent C. rotundus L. root extract Kalimantan, effectively increases the expression of TGF-?1, triggers migration and increases the proliferation of fibroblasts, which ultimately increases the amount of fibroblasts in the wound area

PERAN p21 TERHADAP PROLIFERASI KARSINOMA SEL SKUAMOSA RONGGA MULUT AKIBAT BENZOPIRENE DENGAN HAMBATAN SIKLOOLSIGENASE 2 OLEH NIMESULIDE

Salah satu penyebab kanker adalah bahan kimia. Benzopirene atau B (a) P adalah senyawa polisiklik aromatik hidrokarbon yang bersifat karsinogenik dan paling sering menyebabkan kanker di rongga mulut. Benzo(a)pyrebe (B (a) P) sebagai salah satu penyebab KSSRM diketahui dapat mengekspresikan enzim siklooksigenase 2 (cox-2) yang diduga dapat mengkatalisis oksidasi dari B(a)P – 7,8- diol membentuk B(a)P – 7,8 – diol 9,10-oxide yang merupakan mutagenic karsinogen yang kuat dan reaktif. Nimesulide termasuk golongan OIANS terbaru yang mampu menghambat enzim cox – 2, sehingga dapat bekerja lebih efektif dengan efek samping yang sangat minimal terutama terhadap lambung, hepar, dan jantung. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk dapat menjelaskan efek Nimesulide dalam menghambat pertumbuhan Karsinoma Sel Skuamosa Rongga Mulut (KSSRM) akibat paparan Benzopirene. Dengan meneliti perbedaan ekspresi p21 dan proliferasi sel skuamosa rongga mulut antara kelompok tikus yang mendapat Nimesulide per oral dosis 28 mg/kg bb/hr, 48,5 mg/kg bb/hr, 84 mg/kg bb/hr dan control. (utk kelanjutan abstrak dapat dibaca pdf abstrak

Inhibitory effect of jengkol leaf (Pithecellobium jiringa) extract to inhibit Candida albicans biofilm

Background: Candida albicans (C. albicans) are dimorphic fungi in oral cavity, considered not only as normal flora, but also as pathogens. C. albicans have an ability to grow biofilm, which has a thick layer of outer skin structure, called as extracellular matrix. Jengkol leaves (Pithecellobium jiringa) contain alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids, and lectins, which have an ability as antifungal agent Purpose: This study aimed to analyze the optimum dose of jengkol leaf extract as antibiofilm against C. albicans biofilms. Method: C. albicans were cultured on yeast peptone dextrosa (YPD) media in 96-well microtiter plate flat bottom plates. There were one control group (without treatment) and three treatment groups. The first treatment group was given jengkol leaf extract at a dose of 100 mg/ ml. The second treatment group was given jengkol leaf extract at a dose of 200 mg/ ml. And, the third treatment group was given jengkol leaf extract at a dose of 400 mg/ ml. Semi quantitative method was applied to determine C. albicans biofilmsis using Crystal Violet staining technique. The absorbance of the cells then was calculated using a spectrophotometer with a wavelength of 570 nm. Result: The mean value of optical density in the control group was 1.23. The mean value of optical density in the treatment group with a dose of 100 mg/ ml was 0.2. Meanwhile, the mean value of optical density in the treatment group with a dose of 200 mg/ml was 0.2, and 0.21 in the treatment group with a dose of 400 mg/ ml. The results also showed that there were significant differences between the control group and all of the treatment groups (p0.05). Conclusion: The optimum dose of jengkol leaf extract used as antibiofilm against C. albicans biofilms is 100 mg/ml with an inhibitory percentage of 83.7%. Keywords: jengkol leaf extract; antibiofilm; Candida albican

Identifikasi Kromatografi Lapis Tipis Sudamala (Artemisia vulgaris L.)

Karsinoma sel skuamosa rongga mulut merupakan jenis kanker yang paling sering ditemukan di rongga mulut. Faktor risiko utama terjadi keganasan di rongga mulut meliputi riwayat serta kebiasaan mengkonsumsi tembakau dan atau alkohol. Tanaman sudamala (Artemisia vulgaris L.) sering digunakan di masyarakat sebagai anti tumor pada organ pencernaan termasuk di rongga mulut, namun belum ada penelitian tentang bahan aktif yang berperan sebagai anti kanker di rongga mulut. Banyak didapatkan spesies dari genus Artemisia, sedangkan yang banyak tumbuh di Indonesia adalah spesies Artemisia vulgaris L. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menjelaskan identifikasi menggunakan Kromatografi Lapis Tipis (KLT) dari sudamala. Penelitian meliputi ekstraksi sudamala, identifikasi ekstrak sudamala, fraksinasi sudamala menggunakan Kromatografi Kolom Vakum dan identifikasi dari fraksi sudamala menggunakan Kromatografi Lapis Tipis (KLT). Ekstrak heksan sudamala yang dilakukan fraksinasi menggunakan n-heksan: etil asetat menghasilkan 11 fraksi. Fraksi n-heksan: etil asetat (3:7,v/v) dari sudamala yang teridentifikasi menggunakan Kromatografi Lapis Tipis (KLT) mengandung terpenoid

Golden Sea Cucumbers (Stichopus Hermanii) as Growth Factors of Stem Cells

Stem cells can give a new hope to accelerate wound healing process and can also be used for the treatment of various diseases, including diseases on periodontal tissues (periodontitis) since there is still not any materials known to be able to attach wobbly teeth perfectly. Adult stem cells derived from bone marrow have widely been used nowadays. However, the number of stem cells is limited, consequently, growth factors are necessary to increase the proliferation of stem cells. Unfortunately, growth factors that have been used are still expensive and difficult to obtain. Therefore, an alternative to the use of growth factors from natural materials that can potentially accelerate wound healing process is necessary to be developed. Purpose: Golden Sea Cucumbers (Stichopus hermanii) is rich in both growth factors that can repair damaged cells and protein that reaches up to 82% of all components of the golden sea cucumbers, 80% of which is collagen. Therefore, this research aims to prove how great the potential of the Golden Sea Cucumbers (Stichopus hermanii) as natural growth factors on stem cells is. Method conducted aimed to analyze proliferation ability and osteogenic differentiation in Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSC) with the provision of the Golden Sea Cucumbers (Stichopus hermanii). Results: Based on the results of MTT assay, the provision of the Golden Sea Cucumbers (Stichopus hermanii) in cultured MSCs could enhance the proliferation of stem cells. In the provision of osteogenic induction medium, mineralization emerged in MSC culture, stained with alizarin red. The provision of the Golden Sea Cucumbers on MSC can improve the proliferation ability of MSC and can also increase the ability of MSCs to differentiate into osteoblasts

Uji Toksisitas Akut Ekstrak Batang Pisang Ambon (Musa paradisiacavar sapientum) Terhadap Hati Mencit (Mus musculus) dengan Parameter LD50

The sap of ambonese banana (Musa paradisiaca var sapientum) contain flavonoids, saponins, tannins which have been widely used by people in Trunyan Bali as traditional medicine on wound healing, and it has been reported as a potential wound healing after tooth extraction. The aim of this research was to determine the level of safety of using herbal medicine,ambonese banana stem extract on histopatology liver of mice with LD50 parameters. This experimental study was performed by the post test only controlled group design. The sample were 28 mice (Mus musculus) randomly divided into 4 groups. K group as control group was given aquadest. P1, P2, and P3, as treatment groups were given ambonese banana stem extract with dose 0.42g/20gbw, 2.1g/20gbw, 4.2g/20gbw. The extract was given per-oral with sonde on the first day. On day 3, the mice were terminated, and the livers were microscopically histopathological observed. The observed at 3th day, there were no deaths in every groups of mice (K, P1, P2, and P3) on the third day observation. Kruskal Wallis test showed there was not significant difference in histopathological appearance on liver ofmice(p=0.771). Itwasconcluded that themaximumsafety dose that can still be administered is 0.42g/20gbw following theLD50 parameter.Theacute toxicity test of ambonese banana stem extract did not show necrosis on liver but it showed the highest simple degeneration than all groups which were given 0.42g/20gbw dose

Efektivitas pasta gigi yang mengandung herbal terhadap Streptococcus mutans

Background. Streptococcus mutans is one of dominant bacteria in mouth. This bacteria is main caused of dental caries. One of many ways to prevent dental caries is by brushing teeth properly using toothbrush and toothpaste. Toothpaste that contains fluoride is important to prevent dental caries. Sometimes by using toothpaste that contains over amount of fluoride can cause side effect known as fluorosis. However, there is an alternative way which is by using toothpaste that contains essential oil and herbal extracts. Purpose. To determine the effectivity of herbal toothpaste on the growth of Streptococcus mutans. Method. The method type used is experimental research laboratories. Number of samples were 7 samples for each toothpaste. Five herbal toothpastes and one non herbal toothpaste as control (150 mg) were put in TYC media which already had Streptococcus mutans 1,5x108 CFU/ml. Incubated for 1x24 hours and then determine the wide of inhibition zones. Results. The result of the study indicated a statistical significance different on inhibition zone among the six toothpaste, but toothpaste containing Piper betle extract 5% was the widest inhibition zone. Conclusion. Herbal toothpastes are effective as antibacterial substances against Streptococcus mutans

Changes in osteoblast and osteoclast cell count after moringa oleifera leaf extract administration during orthodontic tooth movement

Objective: The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of moringa leaf extract administration at 5%, 10%, and 20% concentration toward osteoblast and osteoclast cell count in tension area of Cavia cobaya tooth movement. Material and Methods: This study was an experimental research with post test only control group design conducted on Cavia Cobaya. The samples were divided into four groups, namely control group (given orthodontic forces), P1 group (given orthodontic forces and moringa oleifera extract at 5% concentration), P2 group (given orthodontic forces and moringa oleifera extract at 10% concentration) and P3 group (given orthodontic forces and moringa oleifera extract at 20% concentration). The samples were sacrificed in day 15 and the tissue were collected for histological test to examine osteoblast and osteoclast cell count. Results: The Anova test showed a significant difference of osteoblast and osteoclast cell count among groups (p<0.05). Conclusion: Moringa leaves extract administration at 20% concentration for seven days shows higher number of osteoblast and lower number of osteoclast compared to control group, 5% and 10% extract group

Antioxidant Effects of Graptophyllum pictum Leaf Extract on Malondialdehyde (MDA) Levels of Mice Induced By a Toxic Dose of Paracetamol

Background: Antioxidants are important substances which possess the ability to protect the body from damage caused by free radicals-induced oxidative stress. A shift in the balance between oxidants and antioxidants promotes oxidative stress. Graptophyllum pictum (GP) contains substances that are efficacious as antioxidants. Aim and Objectives:To prove the antioxidant effects of GP leaf extract on Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels of mice induced by a toxic dose of paracetamol. Material and Methods: Thirty mice were randomly divided into five groups(n=6); Negative Control (NC) was without treatment, Positive Control (PC) with aquadest + paracetamol, T1: GP leaf extract 150 mg/kg BW + paracetamol, T2: GP leaf extract 300 mg/kg BW+ paracetamol, T3: GP leaf extract 600 mg/kg BW+ paracetamol. Extracts were given on the 1st to 10th day and paracetamol induction was performed on the 8th, 9th, and 10th days. On the 11th day, blood serum samples were collected and the level of MDA was then measured Results: T1, T2, T3 had the lower number of MDA levels when compared with the PC (3.625±0.374, 3.147±0.222, 2.574±0.319). One way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and post hoc test with Tukey showed that there was a significant difference between PC and T1, T2, T3 (p<0.05). Conclusion: GP extract has an antioxidant effect on the prevention of elevated MDA levels. A dose of 600 mg/kg BW was found to be the most effective in preventing elevation of MDA levels after a toxic dose of paracetamol was induced