Correlation of Glans-Urethral Meatus-Shaft scoring system for Hypospadias with Post-operative outcome

Background:There are numerous techniques for hypospadias repair and the outcome of urethroplasty depends on patient related factors and surgeon related factors. Currently there is no widely accepted scoring system for assessing the severity of hypospadias. Objective: Present study was aimed to classify the severity of hypospadias according to GMS score and correlate the score with post-operative complications. Methods:100 males with distal to mid-shaft hypospadias consecutively selected for Urethroplasty were included in this prospective study during September 2015 to March 2017. The Glans size/groove, Urethral plate width, location of meatus and severity of chordee were evaluated individually before reconstruction. After surgery and during follow-up visits, the subsequent transient and persistent complications were recorded. Results:The mean GMS score in group A, B and C was 4.78 (± 0.69), 8.19 (± 0.90) and 10.43 (± 0.51) respectively. In Group A, UC fistula was seen in 7.4% of patients whereas In Group B and Group C, UC Fistula was seen in 46.9% and 92.9% patients respectively. Meatalstenosis was not seen in patients in Group A and Group C patients. In Group B, meatal stenosis was seen in 15.6% patients. Glans Dehiscence was not seen in patients in Group A and Group C. In Group B, Glans Dehiscence was seen in 6.2% patients. Stricture Urethra was seen in 9.3% patients in group A . In Group B and Group C, Stricture Urethra was seen in 43.8% and 92.9% patients respectively. Conclusion: The Glans-Urethral Meatus-Shaft (GMS) classification provides a means by which hypospadias severity and reporting can be standardized, which may improve inter-study comparison of reconstructive outcomes. There is a strong correlation between complication risk and total GMS score

The Shortened Dental Arch Concept: Awareness and Opinion of Dentists in Lahore, Pakistan

Abstract: Background: This study aims to assess the awareness and application of the shortened dental arch concept by the dentists of Lahore, Pakistan; and evaluate dentists’ appraisal regarding the patients’ responses on SDA application in terms of chewing function, oral comfort and dental appearance. Method: A self-administered questionnaire was voluntarily filled by 250 anonymous dentists of Lahore, Pakistan. Data was statistically analyzed using SPSS software version 25. This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in Lahore, Pakistan from 1-12-2021 to 1-06-2022 for a period of seven months. Results: More than half of the respondents (51.6%) were unaware of the SDA concept. A positive correlation was found between the awareness of the SDA concept and clinical experience of dentists. Only 32.6% of the ‘aware’ dentists had clinically implemented the SDA concept in the past one year. Chewing function and oral comfort of patients with SDA was presumed to be fairly acceptable by 40.8% (102) and 46.4%(116) of the dentists respectively. Conclusion: Majority of the responding dentists had paucity of knowledge regarding the SDA concept. A significant proportion of dentists perceived the chewing function, oral comfort and dental appearance to be fairly satisfying in individuals with shortened dental arches