Community Relations and Development of Oil Producing Rural Communities of the Niger-Delta, Nigeria

This paper qualitatively looks at the relationship between Community relations and rural development with special reference to oil producing communities in the Niger-Delta. It points out the adverse effects of oil exploitation and exploration by the multinational oil companies on the oil producing rural communities of the Niger-Delta. The oil producing rural communities are faced with mass unemployment due to the problem of environmental degradation, ecological problems are not adequately addressed, roads, electricity, water, education and health facilities are in terrible condition, youth restiveness and all sorts of crimes due to little or no community relations; thereby making the condition of living not conducive for the local people. This negligence has left the operations of the multinational oil companies in chaos due to the activities of the restive youths. As checks to these developmental challenges the oil companies consciously carried out some developmental works in the oil producing rural communities yet the problems of pipeline bombing, vandalism, etc continues. The paper believes the multinational developmental efforts were not appreciated because the power structures of the oil producing rural communities were not consulted. The paper therefore stressed the need for consultation to determine the felt-needs of the local people to foster good neighbourliness between the oil companies and the oil producing communities. &nbsp

Space Architecture: The Role, Work and Aptitude

Space architecture has been an emerging discipline for at least 40 years. Has it arrived? Is space architecture a legitimate vocation or an avocation? If it leads to a job, what do employers want? In 2002, NASA Headquarters created a management position for a space architect whose job was to "lead the development of strategic architectures and identify high level requirements for systems that will accomplish the Nation's space exploration vision." This is a good job description with responsibility at the right level in NASA, but unfortunately, the office was discontinued two years later. Even though there is no accredited academic program or professional licensing for space architecture, there is a community of practitioners. They are civil servants, contractors and academicians supporting International Space Station and space exploration programs. In various ways, space architects currently contribute to human spaceflight, but there is a way for the discipline to be more effective in developing solutions to large scale complex problems. This paper organizes contributions from engineers, architects and psychologists into recommendations on the role of space architects in the organization, the process of creating and selecting options, and intrinsic personality traits including why they must have a high tolerance for ambiguity

Kinetics of exciton photoluminescence in type-II semiconductor superlattices

The exciton decay rate at a rough interface in type-II semiconductor superlattices is investigated. It is shown that the possibility of recombination of indirect excitons at a plane interface essentially affects kinetics of the exciton photoluminescence at a rough interface. This happens because of strong correlation between the exciton recombination at the plane interface and at the roughness. Expressions that relate the parameters of the luminescence kinetics with statistical characteristics of the rough interface are obtained. The mean height and length of roughnesses in GaAs/AlAs superlattices are estimated from the experimental data.Comment: 3 PostScript figure

介護支援専門員の職業性ストレスに及ぼす職場環境の影響

本研究では介護支援専門員の職業性ストレスおよびバーンアウト，離職意図における職場環境の影響を検討した。327人の介護支援専門員が，(1)仕事のストレス判定図，(2)日本語版バーンアウト尺度，(3)職業性ストレス尺度，について回答した。調査の結果から，以下のことが明らかになった。 (1)介護支援専門員の業務の量的負担が他の職種にくらべ相対的に大きかった。(2)男女共に職場の上司・同僚の支援が健康リスクを減じて他の職種の平均以下の水準に低下させていた。(3)男女共に上司の支援が介護支援専門員の離職意図を減じていた。(4)女性介護支援専門員の職業性ストレスやバーンアウトの緩和に上司の支援が有効であった。これらの結果から，介護支援専門員のバーンアウトの予防には，仕事の量的負担の軽減と上司の支援が重要であることが示唆された。This study was to investigate the effect of workplace environment on care managers’ job stress, burnout, and turnoverintention. 327 care managers were investigated by means of self rating stress surveys and a burnout inventory. From these results, the following was found. (1) Job demands of care managers were relatively high in comparison with the other types of job. (2) Support from superiors and colleagues reduced the health risk to the level of lower than average of the other types. (3) Support of superiors reduced the intention of turnover of them. (4) Mitigation of job stress and burnout of female care managers was elicited by the support of superiors. It was suggested that the reduction of the job demands and the support of superiors were important for the prevention of burnout of care managers.原著Original Article

中国語を母語とする日本語学習者の文法知識が敬語習得に及ぼす影響

中国語を母語とする日本語学習者の日本語能力と敬語の知識の関係を検証するために， 119名の中国語を母語とする日本語学習者に対して， 日本語能力テストと敬語テストを行った。分析の結果，両者に非常に高い相闘が見られた。さらに，文法と敬語の因果関係を調べるために，パス解析を行ったところ，次の3つの因果関係が明らかになった。第1に，尊敬表現能力の習得には，助詞および非活用語の習得が直接影響しており，助詞のなかでは特に助詞と副助詞が影響していた。また，活用語の習得は助詞の習得を介して尊敬表現能力の習得に間接的な影響を示した。第2に，謙譲表現能力の習得には，助詞の習得が直接影響しており，特に接続助調と副助調の影響が強かった。非活用語および活用語は助詞の習得を介して間接的に影響していた。第3に，非活用語と活用語の習得には相互の因果関係は見られなかった

ストレッチング，噛みしめ，シャウトが膝伸展筋力に及ぼす影響

The purpose of this study was to obtain basic data for advancing game performance by clarifying the effects of static stretching, dynamic stretching, clenching and shouting on knee extension strength. The knee extension strength of a total of thirty eight people (thirty four healthy young men and four young women) divided into various groups were measured with a digital back strength meter. The following results were obtained:1. The knee extension strength increased significantly for the dynamic stretching plus warming up group and the shouting group;2. The knee extension strength decreased significantly for the static stretching group;3. There was no significant difference in the knee extension strength for the clenching group, however, there were significant effects depending on the individual.According to the results, in advancing game performance for athletes, it is important for them to use dynamic stretching and shouting corresponding to the situation while static stretching should be used modestly before the main game performance. Clenching can be used for advancing game performance for those who have shown effective results

国際価値連鎖の下における付加価値貿易と中国への影響

まえがき 1．貿易における付加価値の概念の提起 1．1国際価値連鎖の発展の背景 1．2貿易における付加価値の概念 1．3付加価値貿易統計の基本的考え方 2．国際価値連鎖の世界経済への影響 2．1国際分業と貿易構造の変化をもたらす国際価値連鎖 2．2付加価値貿易統計からみる貿易金額，国別構造と貿易依存度の変化 2．3雇用に及ぼす影響 3．付加価値貿易統計の中国への影響と新たな貿易発展戦略 3．1付加価値貿易統計からみる貿易収支の変化 3．2新たな貿易発展戦略に向け