Sorghum improvement program by using mutation breeding in Indonesia

Abstract Global climate change effects in agricultural fields often increase plant stress. For mitigating the negative effects of climate change, climate smart agricultural policies should be developed, for example, through the improvement of crop adaptability, productivity and quality in environments impacted by climate change. Attempts to increase crop genetic variability must be sought to aid in mitigating adverse consequences of climate change. For that purpose, mutation breeding plays an important role since it can increase genetic variation of important crops. By selecting desired mutant genotypes, the plant breeder can advance his or her germplasm by progressing lines with good adaptability, high productivity and quality under adverse conditions. For Indonesia, significant adverse impacts of climate change have appeared in some agricultural regions, such as prolonged drought problems in the east. To face the worsening conditions brought about by climate change and variability, a crop was sought that would require less agricultural input, being drought tolerant, having good adaptability and with high economic value. The choice fell on sorghum (Sorghum bicolor). In certain areas sorghum is recognized as a source of food, feed and fuel. Mutation breeding of sorghum has been conducted at the Center for Isotopes and Radiation Application (CIRA), the National Nuclear Energy Agency of Indonesia (BATAN). Sorghum mutation breeding is relevant to the National programme on food and energy diversification to support food and energy security in the country. The breeding objectives are to improve sorghum genotypes for improved yield and quality, and which tolerant to adverse conditions brought about by climate change, especially prolonged drought. Three sorghum mutant varieties have now been obtained and develop further by stakeholders. Sorghum cultivation in Indonesia has given significant impacts on mitigating the effects of climate change and supporting food and energy diversification program for maintaining food and energy security in the country. It has also promoted economic growth in the rural areas impacted by climate change.</jats:p

PENGARUH PENAMBAHAN BAKTERI ASAM LAKTAT TERHADAP KARAKTERISTIK KIMIA DAN ORGANOLEPTIK TEPUNG SORGUM FERMENTASI.

The research aims to analyze the chemical and organoleptic properties of sorghum flour fermented by the addition of lactic acid bacteria. The study consisted of three stages, namely the preparation phase for the bacterial starter, the stage of making fermented sorghum flour and the analysis stage. The study consisted of four treatments namely one treatment of sorghum flour which was fermented spontaneously as a control and the other three sorghum flour fermented by the addition of Lactobacillus plantarum lactic acid bacteria, Lactobacillus fermentum and Lactobacillus paracasei. The fermentation process was carried out for 5 days, then the data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variants (ANOVA) at the 95% level with Duncan's further test. The results showed that the addition of lactic acid bacteria had no effect on water content, crude fiber content, tannin content, acidity (pH) value, panelist preference level on color, aroma and texture but had a significant effect on the level of panelist preference on overall sorghum flour resulting from

Uji Ketahanan Kekeringan pada Galur Mutan Sorgum Generasi M4

Tanaman sorgum merupakan tanaman yang dapat memaksimalkan potensi lahan marginal di Indonesia. Sorgum merupakan tanaman serealia yang berasal dari Afrika dan dapat diolah menjadi pakan ternak hingga nasi. Varietas yang diedarkan di Indonesia merupakan introduksi dan telah dilakukan pemuliaan tanaman oleh kementerian pertanian. Perakitan varietas unggul dapat dilakukan dengan meningkatkan sumber keragaman genetik salah satu caranya adalah dengan pemuliaan tanaman mutasi. Mutasi merupakan teknik yang digunakan untuk perbaikan karakter pada tanaman dengan sumber tetua yang terbatas. Karakter unggul dari sebuah tanaman mutan juga perlu diuji salah satunya dengan uji cekaman kekeringan.  Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan Maret - Agustus 2021 pada Pasar Jumat PAIR-BATAN. Penelitian ini menggunakan Augmented Design dengan galur mutan generasi M4 (38 galur) dibandingkan 3 varietas yang telah beredar yaitu benih sorgum varietas Numbu (unggul nasional), samurai 1 (rentan terhadap kekeringan), Super-1 (induk). Variabel pengamatan yang diamati adalah tinggi tanaman, jumlah daun, diameter batang, jumlah ruas, panjang malai, berat malai, berat biji per malai, umur bunga, umur panen, biomassa tanaman, kerapatan stomata. Data dianalisis dengan ANOVA pada taraf 5% dan  uji LSI (Least Significant Increase). Berdasarkan hasil penelitian terdapat beda nyata hanya pada variabel pengamatan jumlah daun. Pada beberapa galur mutan generasi M4 yaitu galur mutan M1, M6, M8, M12, M16, M22 dan, M33 memiliki rerata jumlah daun lebih tinggi dan berbeda nyata dengan varietas pembanding yaitu Numbu (C1), Super-1 (C2), dan Samurai-1(C3). Sedangkan pada galur mutan M17 dan M42 hanya lebih tinggi dan berbeda nyata terhadap varietas Super-1(C2)

Pendugaan Ragam Genetik dan Heritabilitas Karakter Agronomi Gandum Hasil Tiga Perlakuan Teknik Iradiasi Sinar Gamma

Teknik iradiasi sinar gamma dapat meningkatkan frekuensi dan memperluas spektrum mutasi makro namun belum banyak dikaji pengaruhnya terhadap mutasi mikro pada karakter kuantitatif dalam populasi termutasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari pengaruh perlakuan teknik iradiasi terhadap keragaman genetik dan heritabilitas karakter agronomi gandum pada generasi M2. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan dari bulan Juli sampai November 2014 di kebun percobaan Cibadak, Balai Besar Penelitian dan Pengembangan Bioteknologi dan Sumber Daya Genetik Pertanian, Kementerian Pertanian. Benih tiga galur gandum (F-44, K-95 dan WL-711) diberikan perlakuan tiga teknik iradiasi sinar gamma (akut, terbagi dan berulang). Generasi M1 ditanam secara bulk di lahan dan dipanen secara individu. Sebanyak 75 malai tiap kombinasi perlakuan ditanam satu baris per malai sebagai generasi M2 dan diamati karakter agronominya. Perlakuan teknik iradiasi sinar gamma menginduksi perluasan nilai kisaran semua karakter agronomi populasi M2. Teknik iradiasi terbagi mampu menginduksi nilai rataan yang lebih tinggi dengan kisaran yang lebih luas pada karakter panjang malai dan jumlah spikelet per malai dibanding teknik iradiasi yang lain. Teknik iradiasi terbagi dan berulang menghasilkan ragam yang lebih besar dibanding iradiasi akut pada karakter hasil biji per tanaman. Karakter agronomi jumlah anakan produktif, bobot malai, bobot biji per malai dan bobot biji per tanaman pada populasi M2 hasil induksi tiga teknik iradiasi memiliki heritabilitas yang tinggi. Tiga teknik iradiasi menginduksi perluasan keragaman genetik semua karakter agronomi populasi M2 yang diamati kecuali tinggi tanaman. Kata kunci : iradiasi akut, iradiasi terbagi, iradiasi berulang, mutasi mikr

Ciri Agronomi dan Serat Delapan Varian Sorgum sebagai Pakan

Sorghum is a multifunctional crop as a source of food, feed, and alternative energy. Plant breeding using the radiation mutation technique was applied to improve the characteristics of sorghum according to its purpose. This study evaluated the agronomic and fiber characteristics of selected sorghum mutant lines. Eight sorghum mutant lines were observed in this study (GHP-2, GHP-3, GHP-4, GHP-5, GHP-7, G-5, P-341, and P36.M10). Pahat and Bioguma sorghum varieties were used as control. Compared to eight selected mutant lines, Bioguma variety was the tallest plant. Except for P-341, all selected mutant sorghum lines produced lower plant biomass than Bioguma. The highest sugar content was produced by G-5 and P-36.M10. There are no significant differences in seed production per panicle. The lowest fiber fractions in the leaf and stem were produced by GHP-3 and G-5 mutant lines, respectively. Based on our findings, the P-341 sorghum mutant line can be used as forage sorghum because it produces high biomass and relatively low fiber content. The G-5 mutant line can be projected as an alternative energy source due to its high stem sugar content. &nbsp; Keywords: agronomy, fiber, mutant, sorghu