Stability of linear and cyclic ApoPep-1 in the serum.

<p>Linear and cyclic ApoPep-1 peptides were incubated with mouse serum at 37°C for the indicated time periods. (A) (B) Linear and cyclic form of ApoPpep-1 samples and mouse serum were fractionated by C18 reverse-phase FPLC. Y axis represents the absorbance unit at 215 nm. Each peptide peak was indicated by an arrow and separable from serum peaks. (C) (D) MS spectrum of the linear and cyclic peptide peak collected from 24 h FPLC fraction and synthetic linear and cyclic ApoPep-1.</p

Changes of tumor volumes and weights in response to therapy.

<p>SNU-16 stomach tumor-bearing mice that were analyzed for imaging signals after the first and second round of treatment were maintained for the measurement of tumor size. (A) (B) Measurement of tumor volumes at 3 weeks after treatment. (C) (D) Measurement of weights of isolated tumor mass at 3 weeks after treatment. <i>* p</i><0.05, ** <i>p</i><0.01, and *** <i>p</i><0.001 by one-way ANOVA. Arrows represent the time points of treatment. Asterisks represent statistical significance compared to PBS. Asterisks on brackets represent significance in difference between the two groups. (E) TUNEL staining of tumor tissues. Green, apoptotic cells; Blue, nucleus. PBS, phosphate-buffered saline; CPT, cisplatin; CET, cetuximab; CPT+CET, cisplatin plus cetuximab. Scale bars represent 50 µm.</p

<i>In vitro</i> detection of apoptosis.

<p>Cells were incubated with cisplatin (300 ng/ml), cetuximab (200 µg/ml), and cisplatin (300 ng/ml) plus cetuximab (200 µg/ml) in combination for 24 h. Cells were harvested and incubated with FITC-labeled ApoPep-1 at 4°C for 1 h or with annexin V at room temperature for 15 min. Data represent percentages of apoptotic cells as measured by flow cytometry. (A-C) Percentages of apoptotic cells detected by linear form of ApoPep-1, cyclic form of ApoPep-1, and annexin V, respectively. PBS, phosphate-buffered saline; CPT, cisplatin; CET, cetuximab; CPT+CET, cisplatin plus cetuximab.</p

Monitoring of tumor response by <i>in vivo</i> imaging of apoptosis.

<p>SNU-16 stomach tumor-bearing mice were treated with cisplatin, cetuximab, and cisplatin plus cetuximab. After the first and second round of treatment, linear or cyclic form of FPR675 NIR fluorescence dye-labeled ApoPep-1 was intravenously injected into mice. <i>In vivo</i> NIR fluorescence images were taken at 90 min after administration. (A) (B) Quantification of NIR fluorescence signal intensity of the region of interest (ROI) in groups injected with linear and cyclic ApoPep-1. Bars represent the signal intensity at ROI obtained from three individual mice (mean ± S.D.). Asterisks represent statistical significance compared to PBS. Asterisks on brackets represent significance in difference between the two groups. * <i>p</i><0.05, ** <i>p</i><0.01, and *** <i>p</i><0.001 by one-way ANOVA (<i>n</i> = 3 per group). (C) (D) Representative NIR fluorescence images by the uptake of linear and cyclic ApoPep-1 to tumor were shown. Scale bars represent normalized fluorescence intensity. Circles represent the ROI.</p

Linear regression analysis of correlation between tumor volume and fluorescence intensity.

<p>Data represent correlation between NIR fluorescence intensities obtained in <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0100341#pone-0100341-g002" target="_blank">Figure 2A and 2B</a> and tumor volumes obtained in <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0100341#pone-0100341-g003" target="_blank">Figure 3A and 3B</a>. (A) (B) Correlation between fluorescence intensities obtained by linear ApoPep-1 after the first and second round of treatment and tumor volumes. (C) (D) Correlation between fluorescence intensities obtained by cyclic ApoPep-1 after the first and second round of treatment and tumor volumes.</p

Anterior segment dysgenesis after overexpression of transforming growth factor-β-induced gene, βigh3, in the mouse eye-0

<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Anterior segment dysgenesis after overexpression of transforming growth factor-β-induced gene, βigh3, in the mouse eye"</p><p></p><p>Molecular Vision 2007;13():1942-1952.</p><p>Published online 16 Oct 2007</p><p>PMCID:PMC2185514.</p><p></p

Anterior segment dysgenesis after overexpression of transforming growth factor-β-induced gene, βigh3, in the mouse eye-4

<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Anterior segment dysgenesis after overexpression of transforming growth factor-β-induced gene, βigh3, in the mouse eye"</p><p></p><p>Molecular Vision 2007;13():1942-1952.</p><p>Published online 16 Oct 2007</p><p>PMCID:PMC2185514.</p><p></p

Anterior segment dysgenesis after overexpression of transforming growth factor-β-induced gene, βigh3, in the mouse eye-5

<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Anterior segment dysgenesis after overexpression of transforming growth factor-β-induced gene, βigh3, in the mouse eye"</p><p></p><p>Molecular Vision 2007;13():1942-1952.</p><p>Published online 16 Oct 2007</p><p>PMCID:PMC2185514.</p><p></p>f ag

Anterior segment dysgenesis after overexpression of transforming growth factor-β-induced gene, βigh3, in the mouse eye-7

<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Anterior segment dysgenesis after overexpression of transforming growth factor-β-induced gene, βigh3, in the mouse eye"</p><p></p><p>Molecular Vision 2007;13():1942-1952.</p><p>Published online 16 Oct 2007</p><p>PMCID:PMC2185514.</p><p></p

Physicochemical Characterizations of Self-Assembled Nanoparticles of Glycol Chitosan−Deoxycholic Acid Conjugates

Physicochemical Characterizations of Self-Assembled Nanoparticles of Glycol Chitosan−Deoxycholic Acid Conjugate