Games on classes of spaces

Using the construction of Containing Spaces given in [1] we define some kind of games considered on topological classes of spaces

Theoretical Studies of Accretion of Matter onto White Dwarfs and the Single Degenerate Scenario for Supernovae of Type Ia

We present a brief summary of the Single Degenerate Scenario for the progenitors of Type Ia Supernovae in which it is assumed that a low mass carbon-oxygen white dwarf is growing in mass as a result of accretion from a secondary star in a close binary system. Recent hydrodynamic simulations of accretion of solar material onto white dwarfs without mixing always produce a thermonuclear runaway and steady burning does not occur. For a broad range in WD mass (0.4 Solar masses to 1.35 Solar Masses), the maximum ejected material occurs for the 1.25 Solar Mass sequences and then decreases as the white dwarf mass decreases. Therefore, the white dwarfs are growing in mass as a consequence of the accretion of solar material and as long as there is no mixing of accreted material with core material. In contrast, a thermonuclear runaway in the accreted hydrogen-rich layers on the low luminosity WDs in close binary systems where mixing of core matter with accreted material has occurred is the outburst mechanism for Classical, Recurrent, and Symbiotic novae. The differences in characteristics of these systems is likely the WD mass and mass accretion rate. The high levels of enrichment of CN ejecta in elements ranging from carbon to sulfur confirm that there is dredge-up of matter from the core of the WD and enable them to contribute to the chemical enrichment of the interstellar medium. Therefore, studies of CNe can lead to an improved understanding of Galactic nucleosynthesis, some sources of pre-solar grains, and the Extragalactic distance scale. The characteristics of the outburst depend on the white dwarf mass, luminosity, mass accretion rate, and the chemical composition of both the accreting material and WD material. The properties of the outburst also depends on when, how, and if the accreted layers are mixed with the WD core and the mixing mechanism is still unknown.Comment: 25 Pages, Bulletin of the Astronomical Society of India (BASI) in pres

Seasonal variation of fatty acids composition of milk from grazing ewes in Thessaly, central Greece

Σκοπός αυτής της εργασίας ήταν η αξιολόγηση των μεταβολών του προφίλ των λιπαρών οξέων και της συγκέντρωσης του συζευγμένου λινολεϊκού οξέος (CLA) του γάλακτος από προβατίνες ελευθέρας βοσκής το χειμώνα (Δεκέμβριος και Ιανουάριος) και την άνοιξη (Απρίλιος και Μάιος) στη Θεσσαλία της κεντρικής Ελλάδας. Δεν παρατηρήθηκαν σημαντικές μεταβολές (P>0,05) στις φυσικοχημικές ιδιότητες (pH και περιεκτικότητα σε πρωτεΐνη, λακτόζη και συνολικά στερεά) του γάλακτος χειμώνα και άνοιξης. Ωστόσο, η περιεκτικότητα σε λιπαρά του ανοιξιάτικου γάλακτος ήταν χαμηλότερη (P<0,05) εκείνης του χειμώνα. Η περιεκτικότητα σε κορεσμένα λιπαρά οξέα του γάλακτος δεν μεταβλήθηκε σημαντικά (P>0,05) τόσο κατά τη διάρκεια του χειμώνα όσο και κατά τη διάρκεια της άνοιξης, ενώ η περιεκτικότητα σε πολυακόρεστα λιπαρά οξέα μεταβλήθηκε σημαντικά (P <0,05) σε κάθε έναν από τους τέσσερις μήνες που εξετάστηκαν. Παρ ‘όλα αυτά, στο γάλα της άνοιξης, η περιεκτικότητα των κορεσμένων λιπαρών οξέων μειώθηκε σημαντικά (P<0,05), αλλά η συγκέντρωση των μονοακόρεστων και πολυακόρεστων λιπαρών οξέων αυξήθηκε σημαντικά (P<0,05) σε σύγκριση με το γάλα του χειμώνα. Σε αντίθεση με τη μείωση των κορεσμένων λιπαρών οξέων στο ανοιξιάτικο γάλα, η περιεκτικότητα του κορεσμένου στεατικού οξέος (C18:0) παρουσίασε σημαντική αύξηση (P<0,05) στο γάλα της άνοιξης σε σύγκριση με εκείνη του χειμώνα. Στο γάλα του χειμώνα, τα επίπεδα του C18:2 cis-9, trans-11 CLA ήταν 0.89±0.05 και 0.98±0.03 g/100g FAMEs τον Δεκέμβριο και τον Ιανουάριο, αντίστοιχα, ενώ στο γάλα της άνοιξης τα επίπεδα του CLA αυξήθηκαν σημαντικά Ρ<0,05) σε 1.36±0.04 και 1.27±0.03 g/100g FAMEs τον Απρίλιο και τον Μάϊο, αντίστοιχα. Ο δείκτης αθηρογένεσης (ΑΙ), που σχετίζεται με λιπαρά οξέα που ευνοούν την πρόκληση αθηροσκλήρωσης αλλά και με λιπαρά οξέα που δεν ευνοούν την πρόκληση αθηροσκλήρωσης, βρέθηκε σημαντικά μικρότερος (P<0,05) στο γάλα της άνοιξης σε σχέση με εκείνο του χειμώνα.The aim of this work was to evaluate the changes in fatty acids (FAs) profile and conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) concentration of milk from grazing ewes in winter (December and January) and spring (April and May) in Thessaly, central Greece. No significant changes (P>0.05) in the physicochemical properties (pH and protein, lactose and total solids content) of winter and spring milk were observed. However, the fat content of spring milk was lower (P<0.05) than the winter milk. The saturated FAs content of milk was not significantly changed (P>0.05) during winter neither during spring, whereas the polyunsaturated FAs content was significantly changed (P<0.05) in each of the four months examined. Nevertheless, in the ovine milk of spring, the saturated FAs content was significantly decreased (P<0.05), but the monounsaturated and polyunsaturated FAs content was significantly increased (P<0.05) as compared to that of winter milk. In contrast to the saturated FAs decrease in spring milk, the saturated stearic acid (C18:0) content showed a significant increase (P<0.05) in the spring milk as compared to winter milk. In winter milk, the C18:2 cis-9, trans-11 CLA levels were 0.89±0.05 and 0.98±0.03g/100 g Fatty Acid Methyl Esters (FAMEs) in December and January, respectively, whereas, in spring milk, the CLA levels were significantly increased (P<0.05) to 1.36±0.04 and 1.27±0.03g/100 g FAMEs in April and May, respectively. The atherogenicity index (AI) associated with proatherogenic and antiatherogenic FAs was found significantly (P<0.05) lower in spring milk compared to winter milk

Proton‐induced Thermonuclear Reaction Rates for A = 20–40 Nuclei

Proton-induced reaction rates on 26 stable and 29 unstable target nuclei in the mass A = 20–40 region have been evaluated and compiled. Recommended reaction rates, assuming that all interacting nuclei are in the ground state, are presented in tabular form on a temperature grid in the range T = 0.01–10.0 GK. Most reaction rates involving stable targets were normalized to a set of measured standard resonance strengths in the sd shell. For the majority of reaction rates, experimental information from transfer reaction studies has been used consistently. Our results are compared with recent statistical model (Hauser-Feshbach) calculations. Reaction rate uncertainties are presented and amount to several orders of magnitude for many of the reactions. Several of these reaction rates and/or their corresponding uncertainties deviate from results of previous compilations. In most cases, the deviations are explained by the fact that new experimental information became available recently. Examples are given for calculating reaction rates and reverse reaction rates for thermally excited nuclei from the present results. The survey of literature for this review was concluded in 2000 August

Synthesis of tetrahydroquinoline enediyne core analogs of dynemicin

A process is described for the preparation of the core azobicyclo[7.3.1]tridecaenediyne moiety of the antitumor antibiotic dynemicin. The synthesis allows efficient production of the enediyne as a stable, compound in good yield from the adamantyl N-protected azabicyclo[7.3.1]tridecadiyne. The adamantyl protecting group is employed in the starting material, N-adamantyl dihydroquinoline or N-adamantyl 6-methoxy quinoline. Also disclosed are process for the synthesis of 3-hydroxy-6-methoxyquinoline and several N-substituted derivatives of azobicyclo[7.3.1]tridecaenediyne. Solid tumor and leukemia assays were performed on the analogs of dynemicin. The results suggest a method that these compounds will useful in treating certain types of leukemias and solid tumors. The disclosed synthesis provides a route to new dynemicin intermediates and analogs which will allow development of second and third generation dynemicins.Board of Regents, University of Texas Syste

Experimental evidence of a natural parity state in 26^{26}Mg and its impact to the production of neutrons for the s process

We have studied natural parity states in $^{26}$Mg via the $^{22}$Ne($^{6}$Li,d)$^{26}$Mg reaction. Our method significantly improves the energy resolution of previous experiments and, as a result, we report the observation of a natural parity state in $^{26}$Mg. Possible spin-parity assignments are suggested on the basis of published $\gamma$-ray decay experiments. The stellar rate of the $^{22}$Ne($\alpha$,$\gamma$)$^{26}$Mg reaction is reduced and may give rise to an increase in the production of s-process neutrons via the $^{22}$Ne($\alpha$,n)$^{25}$Mg reaction.Comment: Published in PR

Midwives’ emotion and body work in two hospital settings : personal strategies and professional projects

Much has been written in recent years of a ‘crisis’ in the recruitment and retention of midwives in the NHS. The crisis has been attributed variously to burnout, a lack of professional autonomy, a bullying culture, and an ideological conflict between the way in which midwives wish to practise and the way they are required to practise within large bureaucratic institutions, such as NHS Trusts. Negotiating these experiences requires a significant amount of emotional labour by midwives, which they may find intolerable. This thesis explores the strategies NHS midwives deploy in order to continue working in NHS maternity services when many of their colleagues are leaving. It examines the extent to which working in a midwife-led service rather than a consultant-led service helps or hinders midwives’ capacity to manage the emotional and ideological demands of their practice. Ethnographic fieldwork was carried out in a consultant unit and an Alongside Midwife-led Unit (AMU) in two NHS Trusts in England. The findings from negotiated interactive observation and in-depth unstructured interviews with eighteen midwives were analysed using inductive ethnographic principles. In order to ameliorate the emotional distress they experienced, the midwives used coping strategies to organise the people and spaces around them. These strategies of organisation and control were part of a personal and professional project which they found almost impossible to articulate because it ran contrary to the ideals of the midwifery discourse. Midwives explained these coping strategies as firstly, necessary in order to deal with institutional constraints and regulations; secondly, out of their control and thirdly, destructive and bad for midwifery. In practice it appeared that the midwives played a role in sustaining these strategies because they formed part of a wider professional project to promote their personal and professional autonomy. These coping strategies were very similar in the Consultant Unit and the Midwifery Unit. A midwife-led service provided the midwives with a space within which to nurture their philosophy of practice. This provided some significant benefits for their emotional wellbeing, but it also polarised them against the neighbouring Delivery Suite. The resulting poor relationships profoundly affected their capacity to provide a service congruent with their professional ideals. This suggests that whilst Alongside Midwife-led Units may attempt to promote a midwifery model of care and a good working environment for midwives, their proximity to consultant-led services compounds the ideological conflict the midwives experience. The strength of their philosophy may have the unintended consequence of silencing open discussion about the negative influence on women of the strategies the midwives use to compensate for ideological conflict and a lack of institutional and professional support.EThOS - Electronic Theses Online ServiceEconomic and Social Research Council (Great Britain) (ESRC) (PTA−031−2006−00332)GBUnited Kingdo

An Approximation for the rp-Process

Hot (explosive) hydrogen burning or the Rapid Proton Capture Process (rp-process) occurs in a number of astrophysical environments. Novae and X-ray bursts are the most prominent ones, but accretion disks around black holes and other sites are candidates as well. The expensive and often multidimensional hydro calculations for such events require an accurate prediction of the thermonuclear energy generation, while avoiding full nucleosynthesis network calculations. In the present investigation we present an approximation scheme applicable in a temperature range which covers the whole range of all presently known astrophysical sites. It is based on the concept of slowly varying hydrogen and helium abundances and assumes a kind of local steady flow by requiring that all reactions entering and leaving a nucleus add up to a zero flux. This scheme can adapt itself automatically and covers situations at low temperatures, characterized by a steady flow of reactions, as well as high temperature regimes where a $(p,\gamma)-(\gamma,p)$-equilibrium is established. In addition to a gain of a factor of 15 in computational speed over a full network calculation, and an energy generation accurate to more than 15 %, this scheme also allows to predict correctly individual isotopic abundances. Thus, it delivers all features of a full network at a highly reduced cost and can easily be implemented in hydro calculations.Comment: 18 pages, LaTeX using astrobib and aas2pp4, includes PostScript figures; Astrophysical Journal, in press. PostScript source also available at http://quasar.physik.unibas.ch/preps.htm