11 research outputs found

    Etude Bibliographique et Phytochimique de Quelques Plantes Médicinales Utilisées Pour Le Traitement de Certaines Maladies par les Tradipraticiens de la Zone de l’Azawagh au Niger

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    Une enquête ethnobotanique menée dans la zone de l’Azawagh au Niger a permis de recenser et sélectionner trente (30) plantes contre diverses pathologies. Le but de ce travail est de justifier l’utilisation traditionnelle de ces plantes par les tradipraticiens sur la base d’une approche bibliographique. Un criblage phytochimique ainsi qu’une documentation approfondie (rapport d’enquête, articles, thèses…) ont servi de méthodologie. L’analyse phytochimique a permis de mettre en évidence plusieurs familles de métabolites secondaires ayant un lien avec les usages thérapeutiques des plantes utilisées. De même, la revue bibliographique a montré des usages similaires de ces plantes dans plusieurs pays. La présence des métabolites secondaires et les usages similaires justifient largement l’utilisation de ces plantes médicinales dans la zone de l’Azawagh. An ethnobotanical survey carried out in the zone of the Azawagh (Niger) permitted to count and to select thirty (30) plants against various pathologies. The aim of this work is to justify the use of these plants by traditional healers on the basis of a bibliographic approach. A phytochemical screening as well as an extensive documentation (survey report, articles, thesis ...) served as methodology. The phytochemical screening revealed the presence of several secondary metabolites families having a tie with the therapeutic uses of the plants used. In the same way, the bibliographic study showed similar uses of these plants in several countries. The presence of the secondary metabolites and the similar uses justify the use of these medicinal plants in the region of the Azawagh

    Prevalence of Mutations in the \u3ci\u3ePfdhfr\u3c/i\u3e, \u3ci\u3ePfdhps\u3c/i\u3e, and \u3ci\u3ePfmdr1\u3c/i\u3e Genes of Malarial Parasites Isolated from Symptomatic Patients in Dogondoutchi, Niger

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    The effectiveness of artemisinin-based combination therapies (ACTs) depends not only on that of artemisinin but also on that of partner molecules. This study aims to evaluate the prevalence of mutations in the Pfdhfr, Pfdhps, and Pfmdr1 genes from isolates collected during a clinical study. Plasmodium genomic DNA samples extracted from symptomatic malaria patients from Dogondoutchi, Niger, were sequenced by the Sanger method to determine mutations in the Pfdhfr (codons 51, 59, 108, and 164), Pfdhps (codons 436, 437, 540, 581, and 613), and Pfmdr1 (codons 86, 184, 1034, and 1246) genes. One hundred fifty-five (155) pre-treatment samples were sequenced for the Pfdhfr, Pfdhps, and Pfmdr1 genes. A high prevalence of mutations in the Pfdhfr gene was observed at the level of the N51I (84.97%), C59R (92.62%), and S108N (97.39%) codons. The key K540E mutation in the Pfdhps gene was not observed. Only one isolate was found to harbor a mutation at codon I431V. The most common mutation on the Pfmdr1 gene was Y184F in 71.43% of the mutations found, followed by N86Y in 10.20%. The triple-mutant haplotype N51I/C59R/S108N (IRN) was detected in 97% of the samples. Single-mutant (ICS and NCN) and double-mutant (IRS, NRN, and ICN) haplotypes were prevalent at 97% and 95%, respectively. Double-mutant haplotypes of the Pfdhps (581 and 613) and Pfmdr (86 and 184) were found in 3% and 25.45% of the isolates studied, respectively. The study focused on the molecular analysis of the sequencing of the Pfdhfr, Pfdhps, and Pfmdr1 genes. Although a high prevalence of mutations in the Pfdhfr gene have been observed, there is a lack of sulfadoxine pyrimethamine resistance. There is a high prevalence of mutation in the Pfmdr184 codon associated with resistance to amodiaquine. These data will be used by Niger’s National Malaria Control Program to better monitor the resistance of Plasmodium to partner molecules in artemisinin-based combination therapies

    Evaluation de l’état nutritionnel des enfants malnutris dans deux centres de santé de Tessaoua (Niger) après des aliments thérapeutiques: Assessment of the nutritional status of malnourished children in two health centers of Tessaoua (Niger) who received therapeutic foods

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    Context & objective. The therapeutic foods with high nutritional value are usually used in nutritional recovery in malnourished children, the effect of this food is not well known. This present study aimed to determine the impact of these foods in improving the nutritional status of malnourished children. Methods. In a cohort prospective study, 300 mother-child couples (aged from 0 to 59 months) of two health centers of the urban municipality of Tessaoua; were enrolled from June and September 2019. F75, F100, Plumpy Nut and CSB Plus flour were used and the weight gain assessed. Results. Children (extremes: 6 -23 months; 78.7%) from vulnerable parents (low education: 72.5 %; housewives: 58%) were mainly malnourished.The average weight gain by Kg/day was of 18.43 g, 6.58 g, and 3.72 g in children at CRENI, CRENAS, and CRENAM, respectively. We found a strong correlation between the weight gain and the type of food used. Almost all of the children of CRENI gained ≥ 11g / Kg /day. Conclusion. There was significant correlation between weight gain and therapeutic foods used for nutritional rehabilitation. Contexte & objectif. Les aliments thĂ©rapeutiques Ă  haute valeur nutritionnelle sont utilisĂ©s dans la rĂ©cupĂ©ration nutritionnelle chez les patients malnutris, mais l’effet de ces aliments n’est pas très bien connu. L’objectif de la prĂ©sente Ă©tude Ă©tait de dĂ©terminer l’effet de ces aliments dans l’amĂ©lioration de l’état nutritionnel des enfants malnutris. MĂ©thodes. C’était une Ă©tude de cohorte prospective menĂ©e au niveau des deux centres santĂ© de la commune urbaine de Tessaoua auprès de 300 copules mères-enfants (âgĂ©s de 0 Ă  59 mois), entre juin et septembre 2019. Les aliments thĂ©rapeutiques utilisĂ©s sont le F75, F100, Plumpy-Nut et la farine CSB-Plus. Le critère de jugement Ă©tait essentiellement un gain pondĂ©ral. RĂ©sultats. La malnutrition touchait surtout les enfants de 6 Ă  23 mois (78,7 %), provenant des familles pour la plupart des parents vulnĂ©rables ayant un niveau d’instruction bas (72,5 %) et des mères mĂ©nagères (58%). Les enfants qui Ă©taient au CRENI, sous rĂ©gime F75-F100-PPN ont un gain de poids moyen de 18,43g/Kg/Jr, tandis que ceux du CRENAS et du CRENAM avaient respectivement gagnĂ© ; 6,58g/Kg/Jr et 3,72g/Kg/Jr. Une forte corrĂ©lation a Ă©tĂ© observĂ©e entre le gain pondĂ©ral et les aliments utilisĂ©s, puisque 91,95% des gains de poids ≥ 11g/Kg/Jr ont Ă©tĂ© atteints par les enfants du CRENI. Conclusion. La corrĂ©lation est très significative entre le gain pondĂ©ral et les aliments thĂ©rapeutiques utilisĂ©s

    Synthesis, Spectrometric Characterization (ESI-MS, NMR, IRTF), X-Ray Study and Quantum Chemical Calculations of 2-oxo-2H-chromen-7-yl Benzoate

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    International audienceThe paper presents a combined experimental and computational study of 7-substituted coumarin derivative, the 2-oxo-2H-chromen-7-yl benzoate (I). The compound was prepared in the laboratory by linking the coumarin system (7-hydroxycoumarin) to benzoyl chloride and crystallized in the monoclinic space group P2 1 with = 3.86010(10), = 27.7876(9), = 5.7453(2) Å, = = 90, =91.063(3)° and = 2. The compound has been characterized structurally by spectroscopy and by single-crystal X-Ray diffraction. In the latter, the structure of (I) was solved by direct methods and refined to a final R value of 0.038 for 2260 independent reflections. Its structure is stabilized by intramolecular C-H•••O and intermolecular C-H•••O hydrogen bonds that extended as infinite 1D chain along [001]. Stabilization is also ensured by oxygen-π stacking interaction between the aromatic ring and oxygen of the benzoate moiety. The analysis of intermolecular interactions through the mapping of d norm and shape-index revel that the most significant contributions to the Hirshfeld surface 36.2 and 27.9% are from H•••H and O•••H contacts, respectively. Besides, the molecular geometry of (I) was also optimized using density functional theory (DFT/RB3LYP), the basic ab initio model i.e the restricted Hartree-Fock (RHF) methods with the 6-311 ++ G(d, p) basis set in ground state and frequency calculations with RB3LYP method using 6-31G(d,p) basis set. The theoretical data resulting from these quantum chemical calculations are generally in good agreement with the observed structure. The only significant observed difference is in the torsion angles between the coumarin ring system and the benzoate ring, where the observed CO -CC value (59.6 (4)°) is slightly lower than the DFT/RB3LYP calculated value (54.32°) and the frequency calculations (41.23°) value and larger than that of the RHF computed value (110.63°). The non-linear optical effects (NLO), molecular electrostatic potential (MEP), frontier molecular orbitals (FMO), and the Mulliken charge distribution were also investigated theoretically. The theoretical HOMO-LUMO energy gap values originating from these calculations are 4.465 eV (DFT/RB3LYP/6-311++G(d,p)) and 4.434 eV (FREQ/ RB3LYP/6-31G(d,p))

    Synthesis of Unnatural Phosphonosugar Analogues.

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    International audienceThe first synthesis of new cyclic phosphonates (phostones), analogues of pentafuranoses containing a phosphorus atom in place of the anomeric carbon in the deoxyribose and deoxyxylose series, is described. Two methods, of respectively six and seven steps, were developed in parallel, and each gave the racemic phosphonosugars in good yields. Compounds analogous to the alpha and beta anomers were isolated and fully characterized by NMR spectroscopy

    C17- Étude phytochimique et tocolytique des macérés éthanolique des feuilles et des écorces du tronc de Sclerocarya birrea (A. Rich.) Hochst (Anacardiaceae) récoltés à Matamèye (Niger)

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    Introduction : Sclerocarya birrea (A.Rich.) Hochst est une plante utilisée comme des précurseurs de composés naturels bioactifs utilisées par l’homme pour ses diverses propriétés telles qu’antihelminthiques, antibactériennes, antioxydantes, antidiabétiques, anti-inflammatoires et éventuellement un effet sur l’utérus gravide. Le but de cette étude était de comparer la composition phytochimique et l’activité contractile sur l’utérus isolé des macérés éthanolique des feuilles et des écorces du tronc de Sclerocarya birrea (A.Rich.) Hochst. Méthodes :Les polyphénols et flavonoïdes ont été quantifiés. Les activités biochimiques (DPPH, ABTS, FRAP et 15-LOX) et l’effet contractile de muscle lisse utérin isolé des souris NMRI ont été évalués in vitro. Resultats et Discussion : La plus forte teneur des phénoliques totaux (490,3 ± 2,98 µg EAG/mgEs) a été obtenu avec l’écorce et celle des flavonoïdes (380,6 ± 0,37 µg EQ/mgEs) avec les feuilles. Les plus faibles CI50 en µg/mL, ont été obtenues avec l’extrait des écorces avec 1,94 ± 0,20 contre 4,22 ± 0,19 d’acide ascorbique pour le DPPH ; 34,17 contre 21,43 zileuton pour15-Lypoxygénase et 1,40 ± 0,05 des extraits des feuilles contre 3,08 ± 0,07 d’acide ascorbique pour l’ABTS. Les extraits des écorces et des feuilles avaient inhibés les spasmes utérins de base. L’extrait des écorces s’est révélé plus antioxydant par rapport à l’extrait des feuilles, ceci pourrait être dû à la forte teneur en polyphénols. En effet, l’utilisation traditionnelle de cette plante par les parturientes pourrait être liée à ses effets antioxydant et tocolytique

    Synthesis of unnatural 2- and 3-deoxyfuranose analogues.

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    International audienceThis Letter describes the synthesis of two racemic analogues of unnatural 3′-deoxy and 2′-deoxy sugars, where a phosphorus atom replaces the carbon atom in the 2′- or 3′-position. Two methods of four- and 5-steps were developed affording these new unnatural sugar analogues

    Antibacterial Activity of Eight Medicinal Plants from the Traditional Pharmacopoeia of Niger

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    The emergence of multidrug bacterial resistance poses a great public health problem and requires a constant search for new antibacterial agents. However, Niger’s flora possesses several medicinal plants used in traditional medicine to cure infectious diseases and can be used as sources of bioactive ingredients. This current study was designed to evaluate the antibacterial activity of eight plants used in the traditional pharmacopeia of Niger. The extracts were prepared by maceration using ethanol, methanol, and distilled water. The obtained extracts were screened against Salmonella spp., Shigella spp., and Escherichia coli using the microdilution method coupled with a resazurin-based assay. Phytochemical screening was performed using colorimetry, while the quantification of total polyphenols, total flavonoids, and total tannins was determined by spectrophotometry. Out of the eight plants obtained, five named Cassia italica, Limeum pterocarpum, Phyllanthus pentandrus, Strychnos innocua, and Ximenia americanum exhibited antibacterial activity with MICs ranging from 500 μg/mL to 2000 μg/mL. Phytochemical screening showed the presence of alkaloids, saponosides, tannins, flavonoids, terpenes/sterols, quinones, and polyphenols. The ethanolic and methanolic extracts of X. americana contained important quantities of total polyphenols, with 43.59 ± 0.15 and 41.97 ± 0.02 mg EAG/100 mg of extract, respectively. These extracts showed the highest contents of total tannins at 46.49 g/L and 45.52 g/L, respectively. For total flavonoids, the highest content was obtained with the methanolic extract of P. pentandrus, with 3.12 ± 0.01 mg QE/100 mg of extract. These findings justify the uses of these plants in traditional medicine for the treatment of infectious diseases such as diarrhea and can be used as starting points for the development of phytodrugs against infectious diarrhea
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