FIKIH HAM DAN HAK KEBEBASAN BERIBADAH MINORITAS DZIMMI DI INDONESIA

Abstract: Indonesia is a multicultural country. There are various religions, tribes, cultures and customs. This diversity is a necessity that must be lived as a force in building the country. However, the diversity is tested by various discriminatory events. One is the freedom to worship religious minorities in the midst of a particular religion. The establishment of places by minority religions in various regions continues to reap the controversy. Maturity of the thinking of the majority becomes an important part in realizing the balance of social relations. Therefore, this article tries to realize a new idea of Fiqh HAM. The results of the Qur'anic conception are poured in the idea of human rights fiqh that seeks to build equal rights of worship for citizens. Fiqh HAM is expected to create public awareness to respect and respect the activities of minority worship Abstrak: Indonesia merupakan negara multikultural. Terdapat berbagai agama, suku, budaya dan adat istiadat. Keberagaman ini merupakan sebuah keniscayaan yang harus dijalani sebagai kekuatan dalam membangun negara. Namun, keberagaman itu seolah diuji dengan berbagai peristiwa diskriminasi. Salah satunya adalah kebebasan beribadah kaum minoritas agama di tengah mayoritas suatu agama tertentu. Pendirian rumah ibadah oleh agama-agama minoritas di berbagai daerah terus menuai kontroversi. Pendewasaan pemikiran umat mayoritas menjadi bagian penting dalam mewujudkan keseimbangan hubungan sosial. Oleh karena itu, Artikel ini mencoba untuk mewujudkan gagasan baru mengenai Fikih HAM. Hasil konsepsi Al-Quran tersebut dituangkan dalam gagasan fiqih HAM yang berupaya untuk membangun kesetaraan hak beribadah bagi warga negara. Fiqh HAM diharapkan mampu membentuk kesadaran masyarakat untuk menghargai dan menghormati aktivitas peribadatan kaum minoritas DOI : http://dx.doi.org/10.17977/um019v2i12017p03

NILAI - NILAI CINTA TANAH AIR DALAM PERSPEKTIF AL-QUR’AN

Abstract: Nasionalism is a feeling of pride and participate in having a certain territory. This feeling is manifested in a willingness to sacrifice to protect its territory from a variety of threats and threats. The importance of the love of this homeland makes it a natural human nature that has been born. However, the problematic nowadays is the specialization of the meaning of love the homeland in everyday life. The dichotomy of the rejection of the Ashobiyah Islamist movement towards the nation state is one of the proofs of narrowing the meaning of love of the homeland in society. The study of this subject reveals the concept or idea related to love of the homeland in terms of religion and nation. This is important to do in order to create a more contextual understanding of the phenomenon of understanding the problem of love homeland. This study is very important to do given the lack of deep study of exploration of the content of the Qur'an in solving social problems that occur today. His hope with the study of this topic can open the public insight about the concept of love homeland in the Qur'an. This research reveals the values of love of the homeland in the perspective of the Qur'anAbstrak: Cinta tanah air (hubb al wathan) merupakan perasaan bangga dan ikut memiliki sebuah wilayah tertentu. Perasaan ini diwujudkan dalam sikap rela berkorban untuk melindungi wilayahnya dari berbagai ganggungan dan ancaman. Pentingnya rasa cinta tanah air ini menjadikannya sebuah tabiat alamiah manusia yang dimiliki sejak lahir. Namun, yang menjadi problematika saat ini adalah spesialisasi makna cinta tanah air dalam kehidupan sehari-hari. Dikotomi penolakan gerakan Islam Ashobiyah terhadap paham negara bangsa (nation state) menjadi salah satu bukti penyempitan makna cinta tanah air di masyarakat. Kajian terhadap pokok bahasan ini mengungkapkan konsep atau gagasan terkait cinta tanah air yang ditinjau dari segi agama dan bangsa. Hal ini penting untuk dilakukan agar tercipta pemahaman yang lebih kontekstual terhadap fenomena problematika paham cinta tanah air. Penelitian ini sangat penting untuk dilakukan mengingat sedikitnya kajian yang mendalam terhadap eksplorasi kandungan Alquran dalam memecahkan problematika sosial yang terjadi saat ini. Harapannya dengan dikajinya topik ini dapat membuka wawasan masyarakat tentang konsep cinta tanah air dalam Alquran. Penelitian ini mengungkap nilai-nilai cinta tanah air dalam perspektif Alquran DOI : http://dx.doi.org/10.17977/um019v2i22017p10

Quranic Forensic on Begging: Formulating Policies and Action Plans to Handle Street Beggars

Begging behavior is a serious issue and happens on a wide scale, especially in urban areas. In Islamic normative point of view, the Quran has a distinctive perspective towards beggars. In Sura al-Mā‘ūn [107]: 3, Allah swt. encourages Moslem people to pay attention to poor beggars. In contrast, in other verses, al-Jāthiyah [45]: 7, al-Quran criticizes people who are lying for the sake of other’s mercy with a mode and guise of a falsehood. In fact, the begging behavior nowadays is not only caused by the economic problem, but beggars even make it as a preferable profession. The biggest problem in handling the beggar issues is the difficulty to differentiate between the genuine and the professional beggar. If we examine thoroughly using an analysis of the Quran verses, there is a distinctive characteristic of those beggars. These at least can be identified through the micro-expression, sound pressure, and eye tracking. The analysis of the human’s track and physical fact through al-Quran here is what the authors intend as Quran forensic. Based on the distinguishing indicators from the analysis of the Quran forensic, this article found a new model for solving beggar problems with a multidisciplinary approach

Developing a Questionnaire on Measuring the Learning Motivation in Reading Quran

Learning motivation has been examined for its positive influence on learning outcomes. However, little attention has been addressed to the development of measuring instruments of learning motivation in the context of reading the Quran in Indonesian higher education. This study was designed to develop a Quran learning motivation questionnaire. The Self-Determination Theory (SDT) was applied as a theoretical framework to explore the type dan level of motivation. Participants involved in this study were 420 students. They were divided into subsample one for exploratory factor analysis (N = 200) and subsample two with confirmatory factor analysis (N = 220). The questionnaire was developed with 12 item-three factors using five points Likert scale that can measure the learning motivation in reading Quran. The results of the study show that the level of student motivation is relatively low (M= 3.12), and the intrinsic motivation type (M= 3.99) is more dominant than extrinsic motivation survival (M= 2.99) and approval (M= 2.38) with a p-value of 0.000. In addition, it was found that female students (M= 3.19) had significantly higher motivation than male students (M= 3.04), with a p-value of 0.017

Integrasi sekolah berbasis peace culture education: program, refleksi, dan implikasi

Tulisan ini mencoba menjelaskan program edukasi sekolah berbasis peace education (PE) yang diprakarsai oleh tim pengabdian kepada masyarakat Universitas Negeri Malang dengan mitra majelis Musyawarah Kerja Kepala Sekolah (MKKS) Sub Rayon 33 Wagir Kabupaten Malang. Secara rinci, kegiatan ini dilaksanakan dengan pendekatan partisipatif yang bertujuan menanamkan nilai-nilai perdamaian dan semangat hidup berdampingan antar umat beragama, khususnya diantara sekolah yang beragam corak keagamaanya di Kecamatan Wagir. Program edukasi berbasis PE dilaksanakan melalui rangkaian kegiatan seminar, focus group discussion (FGD), hingga pelaksanaan langsung kepada siswa dalam pembelajaran di kelas. Program ini dilakukan dalam dua sesi utama, yakni kegiatan seminar dengan pembahasan tentang moderasi beragama dan FGD dengan fokus pada implementasinya. Dari kegiatan ini, dihasilkan sejumlah poin penting yang dapat dilakukan di sekolah dan kelas yakni membangun atmosfer atau budaya sekolah yang mendukung dengan mengapresiasi budaya yang berbeda, melakukan resolusi konflik, mendorong  partisipasi aktif dan kolaboratif, membangun sikap toleransi, dan membuat nilai-nilai agama menjadi pegangan kepala sekolah, guru, dan siswa dalam menjalankan tugas di sekolah. Tulisan ini mencoba menjelaskan program edukasi sekolah berbasis peace education (PE) yang diprakarsai oleh tim pengabdian kepada masyarakat Universitas Negeri Malang dengan mitra majelis Musyawarah Kerja Kepala Sekolah (MKKS) Sub Rayon 33 Wagir Kabupaten Malang. Secara rinci, kegiatan ini dilaksanakan dengan pendekatan partisipatif yang bertujuan menanamkan nilai-nilai perdamaian dan semangat hidup berdampingan antar umat beragama, khususnya di antara sekolah yang beragam corak keagamaanya di Kecamatan Wagir. Program edukasi berbasis PE dilaksanakan melalui rangkaian kegiatan seminar, focus group discussion (FGD), hingga pelaksanaan langsung kepada siswa dalam pembelajaran di kelas. Program ini dilakukan dalam dua sesi utama, yakni kegiatan seminar dengan pembahasan tentang moderasi beragama dan FGD dengan fokus pada implementasinya. Dari kegiatan ini, dihasilkan sejumlah poin penting yang dapat dilakukan di sekolah dan kelas yakni membangun atmosfer atau budaya sekolah yang mendukung dengan mengapresiasi budaya yang berbeda, melakukan resolusi konflik, mendorong partisipasi aktif dan kolaboratif, membangun sikap toleransi, dan membuat nilai-nilai agama menjadi pegangan kepala sekolah, guru, dan siswa dalam menjalankan tugas di sekolah. Implikasi dari kegiatan ini setidaknya memuat dua hal penting yakni menjadikan sekolah sadar atas pentingnya pendidikan budaya damai dan menyadarkan siswa tentang pentingnya sikap toleransi terhadap sesam

Madrasah diniyah teachers' perceptions on the tajwid recitation program's implementation: A post-training qualitative study

Formative assessment is often neglected in learning. This study investigates the perception of madrasah diniyah teachers on the planned implementation of the recitation program as part of a formative evaluation in the form of feedback. Twenty madrasah diniyah teachers were asked to respond to a questionnaire that covered three aspects, namely planning, learning outcomes, and teacher support in the post-training. The findings show that teachers have an open view of the implementation of recitation and believe that it can provide significant benefits for student learning outcomes. This paper provides empirical insight into teacher perceptions and provides suggestions for expanding teacher understanding and competence in utilizing recitation programs as an integral element of recitation learning methods and evaluations

Students’ perspectives on religious moderation: A qualitative study into religious literacy processes

Research exploring how students develop their perspectives on religious moderation through reading and understanding the Qur’an is underexplored. This study aims to investigate students’ religious literacy tenet as a process of constructing meaning about religious moderation from the verses of the Qur’an. The participants involved were three students with an excellent ability to read the Qur’an and who had a great interest in the study of the Qur’an. The data were collected through the process of reading the verses of the Qur’an and its textual and contextual translation. The results of this study indicate that students with high translation amendments (adding, removing and replacing words and phrases) tend to have more ability to interpret the verses of the Qur’an widely as a form of verbalisation of thoughts. Contribution: This study provides clarification on student interactions, the interpretation process and the construction of the meaning of the verses of the Qur’an. Furthermore, the results of this study encourage lecturers to reconstruct the process of learning to read the Qur’an at the university level

Experiencing less apprehension and engaging religious communication: The team-based project learning practices

This pre-experimental study aims to explore the efficacy of the Team-based Project (TBP) as a pedagogical approach to enhancing the acquisition of religious communication skills. The TBP was incorporated into a religious education module, addressing pivotal religious inclusivity and moderation themes amongst undergraduate cohorts. Participants were 288 students who participated in a TPB program. Our attention is drawn to the students’ deliberations on TPB activities during the preliminary phase and the initiation, groundwork, execution, and culmination of presenting the project via video. Two salient aspects of the educational outcomes emerged. Firstly, the TBP model proved instrumental in fostering elevated religious communication proficiencies amongst students. Secondly, there was a notable decline in communication apprehension attributable to students’ religious discourse. Such outcomes are intrinsically linked to the TBP's foundational elements of collaboration and dialogue. Furthermore, this investigation underscores the advantages and challenges inherent in employing video-based technological platforms as contemporary pedagogical instruments. Within the scope of this research, we delineate the protocols requisite for the TBP's methodologies to evaluate student accomplishments through an array of formative and summative assessments

Students’ perspectives on religious moderation: A qualitative study into religious literacy processes

Research exploring how students develop their perspectives on religious moderation through reading and understanding the Qur’an is underexplored. This study aims to investigate students’ religious literacy tenet as a process of constructing meaning about religious moderation from the verses of the Qur’an. The participants involved were three students with an excellent ability to read the Qur’an and who had a great interest in the study of the Qur’an. The data were collected through the process of reading the verses of the Qur’an and its textual and contextual translation. The results of this study indicate that students with high translation amendments (adding, removing and replacing words and phrases) tend to have more ability to interpret the verses of the Qur’an widely as a form of verbalisation of thoughts. Contribution: This study provides clarification on student interactions, the interpretation process and the construction of the meaning of the verses of the Qur’an. Furthermore, the results of this study encourage lecturers to reconstruct the process of learning to read the Qur’an at the university level

Devising an impactful religious moderation workshop for teachers and principals: The practice of Ice Berg analysis and U theory perspective

In the academic setting, teachers and school principals are often faced with the problem of identifying and developing strategies to strengthen the atmosphere of religious moderation. Unfortunately, resources for training and support are scarce. Our study presents the design and assessment of a religious moderation workshop utilizing the problem-based discussion method, supported by Ice Berg and U theory perspective analysis. This two-session workshop aims to bolster religious moderation among school personnel. During the initial session, attendees were presented with strategies to empower religious moderation and state defense. In the subsequent meeting, attendees were encouraged to engage in problem-solving exercises focused on acts and behaviors of intolerance. Not to mention, the educators and administrators have acquired content and pedagogical expertise regarding religious moderation and state defense, which can be applied in classroom and school settings. Additionally, participants expressed a positive belief that the training effectively exemplified the integration of character-building subject matter, religious moderation, state defense, and instructional strategies. As a result, the workshop for teachers and school principals was deemed successful and effective