MoS₂ Nanoplates Consisting of Disordered Graphene-like Layers for High Rate Lithium Battery Anode Materials

MoS₂ nanoplates, consisting of disordered graphene-like layers, with a thickness of ∼30 nm were prepared by a simple, scalable, one-pot reaction using Mo(CO)₆ and S in an autoclave. The product has a interlayer distance of 0.69 nm, which is much larger than its bulk counterpart (0.62 nm). This expanded interlater distance and disordered graphene-like morphology led to an excellent rate capability even at a 50C (53.1 A/g) rate, showing a reversible capacity of 700 mAh/g. In addition, a full cell (LiCoO₂/MoS₂) test result also demonstrates excellent capacity retention up to 60 cycles

sj-docx-1-aut-10.1177_13623613241242839 – Supplemental material for The impact of educational and medical systems on autistic children from multilingual American homes: A systematic review

Supplemental material, sj-docx-1-aut-10.1177_13623613241242839 for The impact of educational and medical systems on autistic children from multilingual American homes: A systematic review by Hyejung Kim, Diana Baker, Sunyoung Kim, Cong Liu and Kelley Cook in Autism</p

A New Coating Method for Alleviating Surface Degradation of LiNi_0.6Co_0.2Mn_0.2O₂ Cathode Material: Nanoscale Surface Treatment of Primary Particles

Structural degradation of Ni-rich cathode materials (LiNi_<i>x</i>M_1–<i>x</i>O₂; M = Mn, Co, and Al; <i>x</i> > 0.5) during cycling at both high voltage (>4.3 V) and high temperature (>50 °C) led to the continuous generation of microcracks in a secondary particle that consisted of aggregated micrometer-sized primary particles. These microcracks caused deterioration of the electrochemical properties by disconnecting the electrical pathway between the primary particles and creating thermal instability owing to oxygen evolution during phase transformation. Here, we report a new concept to overcome those problems of the Ni-rich cathode material via nanoscale surface treatment of the primary particles. The resultant primary particles’ surfaces had a higher cobalt content and a cation-mixing phase (<i>Fm</i>3̅<i>m</i>) with nanoscale thickness in the LiNi_0.6Co_0.2Mn_0.2O₂ cathode, leading to mitigation of the microcracks by suppressing the structural change from a layered to rock-salt phase. Furthermore, the higher oxidation state of Mn⁴⁺ at the surface minimized the oxygen evolution at high temperatures. This approach resulted in improved structural and thermal stability in the severe cycling-test environment at 60 °C between 3.0 and 4.45 V and at elevated temperatures, showing a rate capability that was comparable to that of the pristine sample

Additional file 2: Figure S2. of Leucine-Rich Repeat Kinase 2 (LRRK2) phosphorylates p53 and induces p21WAF1/CIP1 expression

Differentiating SH-SY5Y cells with retinoic acid induces LRRK2 expression with little difference of p53. Indicated concentration of all- trans-retinoic acid was treated for two days. (DOC 65 kb

Additional file 4: Figure S4. of Leucine-Rich Repeat Kinase 2 (LRRK2) phosphorylates p53 and induces p21WAF1/CIP1 expression

LRRK2 kinase inhibitor decreased p21 expression. Differentiated SH-SY5Y cells were treated with 1 μM LRRK2-IN-1 for 2 h (A-D) or 0.5 μM GSK2578215A (Tocris Biosciences, Bristol, United Kingdom) for 12 h (E). The p53 immunoprecipitates of the cell lysates were used to detect p-TXR level (A). The LRRK2-IN-1 treated cells were also used to determine relative amount of nuclear p53 (B) as in Fig. 3a. The cell lysates were used to detect p21 mRNA (C) and protein (D) levels as in Figs. 4 and 5. p21 expression level of GSK2578215A treated cells were also tested (E). Activities of LRRK2 kinase inhibitor treatments were confirmed by reduced level of LRRK2 p935 (pS935). – indicates vehicle treatment. Lamin B and LDH were used for nuclear and cytosolic markers, respectively. All experiments were repeated three times, and a representative result is shown with a bar graph. *: p <0.05; **: p <0.01. (DOC 188 kb

Additional file 5: Figure S5. of Leucine-Rich Repeat Kinase 2 (LRRK2) phosphorylates p53 and induces p21WAF1/CIP1 expression

Expression of T304/377D mutant increased cytotoxicity in rat primary neurons. The neuronal cells were transfected with vector, HA-p53, T304/377D and T304/377A. The cytotoxicity was measured by LDH assay. n = 6. **: p <0.01; ***: p <0.001. (DOC 49 kb

Additional file 1: Figure S1. of Leucine-Rich Repeat Kinase 2 (LRRK2) phosphorylates p53 and induces p21WAF1/CIP1 expression

LRRK2 phosphorylates p53 and moesin at TXR sites in the in vitro kinase assay. A. Phosphorylation of various p53 proteins by the Flag-tagged full length LRRK2 protein (Invitrogen) after the in vitro kinase assay. Phosphorylated p53 was detected by either autoradiography or Western blot with the p-TXR antibody. B. Western blot analysis after the in vitro kinase assay using moesin, various GST-ΔN-LRRK2 WT and mutant proteins, and cold ATP. (DOC 88 kb

Artificial Ion Channel Formed by Cucurbit[<i>n</i>]uril Derivatives with a Carbonyl Group Fringed Portal Reminiscent of the Selectivity Filter of K⁺ Channels

Novel artificial ion channels (1 and 2) based on CB[n] (n = 6 and 5, respectively) synthetic receptors with carbonyl-fringed portals (diameter 3.9 and 2.4 Å, respectively) can transport proton and alkali metal ions across a lipid membrane with ion selectivity. Fluorometric experiments using large unilamellar vesicles showed that 1 mediates proton transport across the membranes, which can be blocked by a neurotransmitter, acetylcholine, reminiscent of the blocking of the K+ channels by polyamines. The alkali metal ion transport activity of 1 follows the order of Li+ > Cs+ ≈ Rb+ > K+ > Na+, which is opposite to the binding affinity of CB[6] toward alkali metal ions. On the other hand, the transport activity of 2 follows the order of Li+ > Na+, which is also opposite to the binding affinity of 2 toward these metal ions, but virtually no transport was observed for K+, Rb+, and Cs+. It is presumably because the carbonyl-fringed portal size of 2 (diameter 2.4 Å) is smaller than the diameters of these alkali metal ions. To determine the transport mechanism, voltage-clamp experiments on planar bilayer lipid membranes were carried out. The experiments showed that a single-channel current of 1 for Cs+ transport is ∼5 pA, which corresponds to an ion flux of ∼3 × 107 ions/s. These results are consistent with an ion channel mechanism. Not only the structural resemblance to the selectivity filter of K+ channels but also the remarkable ion selectivity makes this model system unique

Additional file 3: Figure S3. of Leucine-Rich Repeat Kinase 2 (LRRK2) phosphorylates p53 and induces p21WAF1/CIP1 expression

Increased phosphorylation of Thr in the p53 TXR sites in dopaminergic neurons differentiated from fibroblast-derived iPS cells that were obtained from the human G2019S carrier (WT/GS) and non-carrier (WT/WT). The indicated cell lysates were immunoprecipitated with the p53 antibody and the immunoprecipitates (IP: p53) were subjected to Western blot. Input indicates 20% of the cell lysates. Numbers below the gel figures are relative protein level of each TXR band ([p-TXR]/[total p53]) based on the densitometric analysis. The antibodies used for Western blot analysis were indicated in the right side of each blot. (DOC 57 kb

Flexible High-Energy Li-Ion Batteries with Fast-Charging Capability

With the development of flexible mobile devices, flexible Li-ion batteries have naturally received much attention. Previously, all reported flexible components have had shortcomings related to power and energy performance. In this research, in order to overcome these problems while maintaining the flexibility, honeycomb-patterned Cu and Al materials were used as current collectors to achieve maximum adhesion in the electrodes. In addition, to increase the energy and power multishelled LiNi_0.75Co_0.11Mn_0.14O₂ particles consisting of nanoscale V₂O₅ and Li_<i>x</i>V₂O₅ coating layers and a Li_δNi_{0.75–<i>z</i>}Co_0.11Mn_0.14V_<i>z</i>O₂ doping layer were used as the cathode–anode composite (denoted as PNG-AES) consisting of amorphous Si nanoparticles (<20 nm) loaded on expanded graphite (10 wt %) and natural graphite (85 wt %). Li-ion cells with these three elements (cathode, anode, and current collector) exhibited excellent power and energy performance along with stable cycling stability up to 200 cycles in an in situ bending test