Data_Sheet_1_Association Between Dietary Fiber Intake and All-Cause and Cardiovascular Mortality in Middle Aged and Elderly Adults With Chronic Kidney Disease.docx

Background and AimsDespite accumulating evidence on the benefits of dietary fiber in the general population, there is a lack of representative data on mortality in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). This study examined the role of dietary fiber intake on all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in patients with CKD using representative Korean cohort data.MethodsThe study included 3,892 participants with estimated glomerular filtration rates 2 from the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study. Mortality status was followed by data linkage with national data sources. Nutritional status was assessed using a validated food frequency questionnaire. Dietary fiber was categorized into quintiles (Q). A multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for all-cause and cardiovascular mortality.ResultsThe average daily fiber intake of patients with CKD was 5.1 g/day. During the 10.1-year follow-up period, 602 (149 cardiovascular) deaths were documented. The HR (95% CI) for all-cause mortality in the highest quintile compared with that in the lowest quintile was 0.63 (0.46–0.87) after adjusting for age, sex, BMI, smoking, alcohol intake, exercise, total calorie intake, hypertension, diabetes, and dyslipidemia (P = 0.005). The HR (95% CI) for cardiovascular mortality in the highest quintile compared with that in the lowest quintile was 0.56 (0.29–1.08) after adjusting for same confounders (P = 0.082).ConclusionIn conclusion, we observed an inverse association between dietary fiber intake and all-cause mortality in CKD patients. Small increments in fiber intake reduced the risk of all-cause mortality by 37%. This finding highlights the need for inexpensive but important dietary modification strategies for encouraging fiber intake in the Korean CKD population.</p

Data_Sheet_1_Association between dietary sodium, potassium, and the sodium-to-potassium ratio and mortality: A 10-year analysis.PDF

There is inconclusive evidence of the association between dietary sodium, potassium, and the sodium-to-potassium ratio and all-cause and cardiovascular disease mortality. To investigate the association between dietary sodium, potassium, and the sodium-to-potassium ratio and all-cause and cardiovascular disease mortality risks. Data from 143,050 adult participants were analyzed from prospective 10-year community-based cohort analysis. Dietary sodium, potassium, and the sodium-to-potassium ratio at baseline were assessed by a food frequency questionnaire. In Cox proportional hazards regression models, the association between dietary sodium, potassium, and their ratio and all-cause and cardiovascular disease mortality was estimated using hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals, and their predictive ability as mortality predictors was evaluated using Harrell’s c-index. During the mean (range) 10.1 (0.2–15.9) years of follow-up, 5,436 participants died, of whom 985 died of cardiovascular causes. After adjustment for age, sex, body mass index, alcohol intake, smoking, regular exercise, total calorie intake, dyslipidemia, hypertension, diabetes, chronic kidney diseases (CKDs), and potassium or sodium intake, respectively, sodium intake was unassociated with all-cause mortality whereas potassium intake was significantly associated inversely with all-cause (Quintile-5 vs. Quintile-1, hazard ratio, 95% confidence interval, 1.09, 0.97–1.22, and 0.79, 0.69–0.91, respectively). The sodium-to-potassium ratio was not significantly associated with all-cause mortality in the adjusted model, and similar trends were observed for cardiovascular disease mortality.</p

Youden index for determining the optional cutoff value for emphysema index (A) and lobe-specific emphysema index (B).

Youden index for determining the optional cutoff value for emphysema index (A) and lobe-specific emphysema index (B).</p

Flowchart for patient selection.

Flowchart for patient selection.</p

Risk factor for prolonged air-leak in anatomical segmentectomy.

Risk factor for prolonged air-leak in anatomical segmentectomy.</p

Comparison of types of segmentectomy.

Comparison of types of segmentectomy.</p

Receiver operating characteristic curves for comparing the emphysema index and lobe-specific emphysema index.

Unadjusted analysis (A) and adjusted analysis (B).</p

Representative case of prolonged air leak after anatomical segmentectomy.

A 54 year-old female patient underwent anatomical segmentectomy for a persistent subsolid nodule approximately 1cm in left lingular segment (A). On pre-operative chest CT images, emphysema index of the entire lung is 11.6% and the lobe-specific emphysema index is 17.8% (B, C). Prolonged air leak occurred after lingular segmentectomy.</p

Additional file 1 of Trajectories of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk scores as a predictor for incident chronic kidney disease

Supplementary Material 1

Baseline characteristics according to the prolonged air-leak.

Baseline characteristics according to the prolonged air-leak.</p