AN ALGORITHM TO ESTIMATE MUSCLE FORCE FROM JOINT ANGLE USING SIMULINK

The purpose of this study was to compare the muscle length and muscle force from developed model and commercial software. Basically a Hill-type muscle model consists of springs and damper, and thus muscle force was changed by muscle length. Because of this reason, the researchers needed to know the changes in muscle length and developed algorithm to estimate muscle length from joint angle (angle-to-length). Also, we implemented muscle model (length-to-force) based on the model that F. E. Zajac modified the Hill-type muscle model. Muscle lengths and muscle forces show significantly good correlation in ankle muscles in results from two methods. This indicates that angleto- force can be adapted to developed a tool determining muscle forces in real-time

HyperCLOVA X Technical Report

We introduce HyperCLOVA X, a family of large language models (LLMs) tailored to the Korean language and culture, along with competitive capabilities in English, math, and coding. HyperCLOVA X was trained on a balanced mix of Korean, English, and code data, followed by instruction-tuning with high-quality human-annotated datasets while abiding by strict safety guidelines reflecting our commitment to responsible AI. The model is evaluated across various benchmarks, including comprehensive reasoning, knowledge, commonsense, factuality, coding, math, chatting, instruction-following, and harmlessness, in both Korean and English. HyperCLOVA X exhibits strong reasoning capabilities in Korean backed by a deep understanding of the language and cultural nuances. Further analysis of the inherent bilingual nature and its extension to multilingualism highlights the model's cross-lingual proficiency and strong generalization ability to untargeted languages, including machine translation between several language pairs and cross-lingual inference tasks. We believe that HyperCLOVA X can provide helpful guidance for regions or countries in developing their sovereign LLMs.Comment: 44 pages; updated authors list and fixed author name