116 research outputs found
Receipt from New York Free Circulating Library to Mrs. Ogden Goelet
https://digitalcommons.salve.edu/goelet-personal-expenses/1033/thumbnail.jp
Arctic system on trajectory to new state
The Arctic system is moving toward a new state that falls outside the envelope of glacial-interglacial fluctuations that prevailed during recent Earth history. This future Arctic is likely to have dramatically less permanent ice than exists at present. At the present rate of change, a summer ice-free Arctic Ocean within a century is a real possibility, a state not witnessed for at least a million years. The change appears to be driven largely by feedback-enhanced global climate warming, and there seem to be few, if any processes or feedbacks within the Arctic system that are capable of altering the trajectory toward this “super interglacial” state
Notes of a Meeting Held in the Diplomatic Reception Room of the Department of State on Monday, March 20, 1911
The document is a carbon transcript of notes from a meeting held in the State Department respecting the necessity of more such meetings, the present organization of the Department, expenditures, and esprit de corps.
Present at the meeting were: The Assistant Secretaries, the Solicitor, the Director of the Consular Service, the Chief Clerk and the Chiefs and Assistant Chiefs of the Divisions and Bureaus of the Department.https://digitalcommons.ursinus.edu/fmhw_speeches/1004/thumbnail.jp
Minority youth, crime, conflict, and belonging in Australia
In recent decades, the size and diversity of the minority population of contemporary western societies has increased significantly. To the critics of immigration, minority youth have been increasingly linked to crime, criminal gangs, anti-social behaviour, and riots. In this article, we draw on fieldwork conducted in Sydney, Australia's largest and most ethnically diverse city, to probe aspects of the criminality, anti-social behaviour, national identity, and belonging of ethnic minority youth in Australia. We conclude that the evidence on minority youth criminality is weak and that the panic about immigrant youth crime and immigrant youth gangs is disproportionate to the reality, drawing on and in turn creating racist stereotypes, particularly with youth of 'Middle Eastern appearance'. A review of the events leading up to the Sydney Cronulla Beach riots of December 2005 suggests that the underlying cause of the riots were many years of international, national, and local anti-Arab, anti-Muslim media discourse, and political opportunism, embedded in changing but persistent racist attitudes and practises. Our argument is that such inter-ethnic conflict between minority and majority youth in Sydney is the exception, not the rule. Finally, we draw on a hitherto unpublished survey of youth in Sydney to explore issues of national identity and belonging among young people of diverse ethnic and religious background. We conclude that minority youth in Sydney do not live 'parallel lives' but contradictory, inter-connected cosmopolitan lives. They are connected to family and local place, have inter-ethnic friendships but are often disconnected to the nation and the flag. © 2009 Springer Science+Business Media B.V
Depletion and voids formation in the substrate during high temperature oxidation of Ni-Cr alloys
A numerical model to treat the kinetics of vacancy annihilation at the metal/oxide interface but also in the bulk metal has been implemented. This was done using EKINOX, which is a mesoscopic scale 1D-code that simulates oxide growth kinetics with explicit calculation of vacancy fluxes. Calculations were performed for high temperature Ni-Cr alloys oxidation forming a single chromia scale. The kinetic parameters used to describe the diffusion in the alloy were directly derived from an atomistic model. Our results showed that the Cr depletion profile can be strongly affected by the cold work state of the alloy. In fact, the oversaturation of vacancies is directly linked to the efficiency of the sinks which is proportional to the density of dislocations. The resulting vacancy profile highlights a supersaturation of vacancy within the metal. Based on the classical nucleation theory, the possibility and the rate of void formation are discussed
(Re-)Emergent Orders: Understanding the Negotiation(s) of Rebel Governance
The concept of order is often neglected in the study of conflict – seemingly such a ‘disordering’ process. With the recent increase in the examination of rebel governance however, bringing order back into our understanding of rebel and insurgent groups has much to offer in exploring the everyday politics which connect authorities, rebel movements and the population itself, in a complex mass of intersubjective and power-based interactions and negotiations. Rebels both shape and are shaped by existing forms of order in complex and ongoing ways. This article explores how varying elements interact in the negotiation, framing and enforcement of order and develops an original analytical framework to examine the perpetual negotiations of rebel movements in their attempts to cement their control
Social Costs of Energy Disruptions
The costs of energy supply disruptions for industrialised economies go well beyond the economic measures of national accounts. According to different kinds of risks, physical shortages or price shocks, there are several categories of negative effects. Oil disruptions have both a direct and an indirect impact, (at global and local levels) and have a short- and a medium-term horizon. The economic effects of electricity shortages are also direct and indirect, but the temporal lag is shorter than for oil disruptions. In this paper, we summarise the different ways an economy is affected by an oil shock or a power black-out. Oil crises in the past produced high inflation rates, trade and payments imbalances, high unemployment, and weak business and consumer confidence. The social costs of electricity shortages have immediate negative results, and relatively small, indirect effects depending on the extension of the disruption, the duration, the availability of advance warning and information. A specific assessment of the social costs of an electricity shortage remains a research task for the future
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